Heisenberg 不确定性原则

What are the different uses of lasers?
::激光有什么不同用途?

Lasers have numerous applications outside the physics lab. These devices can be employed to measure distances accurately and many commercial instruments are used in construction for laying out a building site. When the light beam strikes a solid object, it is reflected back and the device determines how far away the object is. There is such a significant difference between the mass of the light beam (photons) and the mass of the object, the beam does not disturb the object at all. One measurement of interest was the use of a laser to measure the distance from the Earth to the moon (see figure above). The impact of the photons from the laser on the moon had absolutely no effect on the moon’s orbit.
::激光器在物理实验室外有许多用途。这些装置可用于精确测量距离,建筑建筑工地时使用许多商业仪器。当光束撞击一个固态物体时,它会反射,而且装置会决定物体的距离。光束(光束)质量与物体质量之间有如此大的差别,光束丝毫不会扰动物体。一个有意义的衡量尺度是使用激光测量地球与月球之间的距离(见上图)。激光对月球的光子撞击对月球轨道绝对没有影响。

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
::Heisenberg 不确定性原则

Another feature that is unique to is the uncertainty principle. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and the velocity of a particle. The detection of an , for example, would be made by way of its interaction with photons of light. Since photons and electrons have nearly the same energy , any attempt to locate an electron with a photon will knock the electron off course, resulting in uncertainty about where the electron is located (see Figure ). We do not have to worry about the uncertainty principle with large everyday objects because of their mass. If you are looking for something with a flashlight, the photons coming from the flashlight are not going to cause the thing you are looking for to move. This is not the case with atomic-sized particles, leading scientists to a new understanding about how to envision the location of the electrons within atoms.
::另一个独特的特征是不确定性原则。 海森堡不确定性原则指出,无法同时确定粒子的位置和速度。 例如,探测一个粒子的方法将是与光的光子相互作用。由于光子和电子的能量几乎相同,任何试图用光子定位电子的尝试都会将电子击落轨道,从而导致电子位置的不确定性(见图 ) 。 我们不必担心以大型日常天体为单位的不确定性原则,因为它们的质量。 如果您正在寻找手电筒, 闪光灯发出的光不会导致你所要移动的东西。 原子大小的粒子的情况并非如此, 导致科学家们对如何在原子内设想电子位置有了新的了解。

Summary
::摘要

播放段落
• The Heisenberg uncertainty principle explains why we cannot simultaneously determine both the precise velocity and position of a particle.
  ::海森堡不确定性原则解释了为什么我们不能同时确定粒子的确切速度和位置。
播放段落
• This principle is only applicable at the atomic level.
  ::这项原则仅适用于原子一级。

Review
::回顾

播放段落
1. Why is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle true at the atomic level?
   ::为什么海森堡不确定性原则在原子一级是正确的?
播放段落
2. Is the principle valid at the macroscopic level?
   ::这一原则在宏观一级是否有效?