邦邦能源

How does smog form?
::烟雾是怎样形成的?

We know that nitrogen makes up about 79% of the in the air and that this gas is chemically very inert.  However, we also know that a major contributor to the production of  smog is a of nitrogen compounds collectively referred to as NO _x .  Due to the high combustion temperatures in modern car engines (brought about by the need for better fuel efficiency), we make more NO _x that will react with other materials to create smog.  So, our inert nitrogen gas can be converted to other compounds if enough energy is available to break the triple bonds in the N ₂ molecule.
::我们知道氮大约占空气中的79%,而这种气体在化学上非常惰性。然而,我们也知道,烟雾生产的一个主要因素是氮化合物,统称为NOx。 由于现代汽车发动机燃烧温度高(因为需要提高燃料效率),我们制造更多的NOx,与其他材料一起产生烟雾。因此,如果有足够的能量打破N2分子的三联联,我们的惰性氮气可以转换为其他化合物。

Bond Energy
::邦邦能源

The formation of a results in a decrease in potential energy.  Consequently, breaking a chemical bond requires an input of energy.  Bond energy is the energy required to break a between two atoms.  A high bond energy means that a bond is strong and the molecule that contains that bond is likely to be stable and less reactive.  More reactive compounds will contain bonds that have generally lower bond energies.  Some bond energies are listed in  Table
::因此,打破化学联结需要投入能量。 邦德能源是打破两个原子之间的能量。 高联保能意味着一个联结是强大的,而含有该联结的分子很可能是稳定的,反应性较小。 更多的反应性化合物将含有通常较低联结能量的联结。 某些联结能量列在表格中。

The halogen all exist naturally as diatomic molecules (F ₂ , Cl ₂ , Br ₂ , and I ₂ ).  They are generally very reactive and thus have relatively low bond energies.
::卤素都自然地作为二原子分子(F2, Cl2, Br2和I2)存在,它们一般反应性很强,因此其联结能量相对较低。

As can be seen by a comparison of the bond energies for the various carbon-carbon bonds, double bonds are substantially stronger than single bonds. Likewise, triple bonds are even stronger. The triple bond that exists between the nitrogen atoms in nitrogen gas (N ₂ ) makes it very unreactive.  All plants and animals require the element nitrogen, but it cannot be obtained from the direct absorption of nitrogen gas from the atmosphere because of its strong, unreactive triple bond.  Instead, bacteria convert the nitrogen to a more usable form such as ammonium and nitrate , which is then absorbed by plants from the soil.  Animals only obtain nitrogen by eating those plants.
::从对各种碳-碳债券的债券能量的比较可以看出,双重债券比单一债券要强得多。同样,三重债券甚至更强。氮气中的氮原子(N2)之间的三重债券使氮原子非常无反应性。所有动植物都需要元素氮,但由于氮气的强力和不反应性三重债券,因此无法从大气中直接吸收氮气。相反,细菌将氮转化为一种更有用的形式,如和硝酸盐,然后由植物从土壤中吸收。动物只能通过食用这些植物获得氮。

Summary
::摘要

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• Bond energy is an indication of the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction.
  ::邦德能量表示化学反应所需的能量数量。
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• The higher the bond energy, the less reactive the bond is.
  ::债券能量越高 债券反应越少

Review
::回顾

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1. What does a high bond energy mean?
   ::高债券能量意味着什么?
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2. What kind of bonds do more reactive compounds have?
   ::反应性化合物有什么样的债券?
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3. Which will react more readily: a C-H bond or a Cl-Cl bond?
   ::哪些反应更容易:C-H保证金或Cl-Cl保证金?