Section outline

  • Musicians perform Dixieland music for an audience of children in a vibrant setting.

    Have you ever been in a band?
    ::你参加过乐队吗?

    Dixieland music arose in New Orleans in the early 1900s. This driving style of music emphasized improvisation on the basic musical theme. Much of the sound quality associated with this music is due to the brass instruments (including the trumpet, trombone, and tuba). New Orleans is still the home of Dixieland, and the French Quarter echoes nightly to the sounds of this exciting music.
    ::19世纪初,新奥尔良音乐在新奥尔良兴起。这种音乐的驱动风格强调在基本音乐主题上即兴创作。 与这种音乐相关的声音质量大部分是由于铜乐器(包括喇叭、长号、长号、大喇叭 ) 。 新奥尔良仍然是迪西兰的家园,法国区则夜夜回响着这种激动人心的音乐的声音。

    Solute-Solvent Combinations
    ::Soute- Solvent 组合

    The focus of Water  was on water's role in the formation of aqueous solutions . We examined the primary characteristics of a solution, how water is able to dissolve solid solutes, and we differentiated between a solution, a suspension , and a . There are many examples of solutions that do not involve water at all, or that involve solutes that are not solids. Table summarizes the possible combinations of solute- solvent states, along with examples of each.
    ::水的焦点是水在形成水溶液中的作用。我们研究了溶液的主要特征,水是如何溶解固体溶液的,我们区分了溶液、悬浮剂和溶液。有许多解决办法的例子根本不涉及水,或涉及溶液不是固体的溶液。表格总结了溶液溶液状态的可能组合,并举例说明了每一种情况。

    Solute-Solvent Combinations
    Solute State Solvent State Example
    water in air
    gas gas oxygen in nitrogen (gas mixture)
    solid liquid salt in water
    liquid liquid in water
    gas liquid carbon dioxide in water
    solid solid zinc in copper (brass alloy)
    liquid solid mercury in silver and tin (dental amalgam)

    Gas-Gas Solutions
    ::天然气气体解决方案

    Our air is a of many different gases and therefore qualifies as a solution. Approximately 78% of the atmosphere is nitrogen, making it the solvent for this solution. The next major constituent is oxygen (about 21%), followed by the inert gas argon (0.9%), carbon dioxide (0.03%) and trace amounts of neon, methane, helium, and other gases.
    ::我们的空气是多种不同的气体,因此可以作为一种解决办法。 大约78%的大气是氮,因此它是溶液的溶剂。 下一个主要成分是氧(约21% ) , 其次是惰性气体(0.9% ) 、 二氧化碳(0.03% ) 和 微量的纳米、甲烷、氦和其他气体。

    Solid-Solid Solutions
    ::固体固态解决方案

    Solid-solid solutions such as brass, bronze, and sterling silver are called . Bronze (composed mainly of copper with added tin) was widely used in making weapons in times past dating back to at least 2400 B.C. This metal alloy was hard and tough, but was eventually replaced by iron.
    ::铜、铜和银等固态溶液被称为.铜(主要由铜和添加的锡组成)过去曾被广泛用于制造武器,可追溯到公元前至少24时。 这种金属合金既硬又硬,但最终被铁所取代。

    Liquid-Solid Solutions
    ::液溶液溶液溶液

    Perhaps the most familiar liquid-solid solution is dental amalgam, used to fill teeth when there is a cavity. Approximately 50% of the amalgam material is liquid mercury to which a powdered alloy of silver, tin and copper is added. Mercury is used because it binds well with the solid metal alloy. However, the use of mercury-based dental amalgam has gone under question in recent years because of concerns regarding the toxicity of mercury.
    ::也许最熟悉的液态固态溶液是牙科用汞合金,在有洞穴时用于填充牙齿。汞合金中约有50%是液态汞,其中添加了银、锡和铜的粉末合金。汞的使用是因为它与固态金属合金结合良好。然而,近年来,基于汞的牙科汞合金的使用一直受到质疑,因为人们担心汞的毒性。

     

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Solutions may be composed of a variety of solid, liquid, or gaseous materials.
      ::解决办法可能由各种固体、液体或气体材料组成。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Does a solution have to have water as the solvent?
      ::溶液是否必须用水作为溶剂?
    2. Is there an example of a solution where water is the solute?
      ::是否有水是溶液的解决方案的例子?
    3. Ethylene glycol is mixed with the water in car radiator to prevent freezing. If the mixture is 40% water and 60% ethylene glycol, which substance is the solvent and which is the solute?
      ::乙二醇与汽车散热器中的水混合,以防止冷冻。如果混合物是40%的水和60%的乙烯甘醇,哪种物质是溶剂,哪种是溶剂?