系列电路

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Resistors, including electrical appliances, have a particular current at which they operate most effectively and safely, and excessive current can cause irreparable damage. Therefore, it is important to limit the amount of current that may pass through a particular electrical . There are a number of safety devices used in electrical to limit the current: fuses, circuit breakers, and surge suppressors. When fuses, such as those shown above, are placed in an electrical circuit, all the current must pass through the wire in the fuse.
::电阻装置,包括电器在内,有其最有效和安全操作的特定电流,过量电流可造成不可弥补的损害。因此,必须限制通过特定电流的电流量。电源中使用了若干安全装置来限制电流:引信、断路器和增压抑制器。当诸如上述引信等引信被置于电路中时,所有电流都必须通过引信中的电线。

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Series Circuits
::系列电路

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Electrical circuits are often modeled by using water in a river. The of the water is the highest at the source of the river and decreases as the water flows down the river toward the end. When the water reaches the ocean, its potential energy has become zero. The circuit shown below has a similar situation. The current in this circuit is drawn in the direction of the electron flow. It starts at the battery on the left, where electrons leave the negative terminal and travel around the circuit. Since all of the current travels across each resistor, these resistors are said to be in series . A series circuit is one in which all of the current must pass through every resistor in the circuit. Returning to the water analogy, there is only one riverbed from the top of the mountain to the ocean.
::电路往往是用河流中的水模拟的。 水是河流中最高的河源,随着水流流向河流的尽头而减少。 当水到达海洋时, 其潜在能量已经变成零。 下面显示的电路有类似的情况。 电路中的电流从电子流的方向画入电路。 从左边的电池开始, 电子离开负终端, 环绕电路。 由于所有电路都横跨每个抵抗器, 这些阻力器据说是一系列的。 一系列电路是所有电流都必须穿过每一条阻力器的电路。 回到水的比喻, 只有一条从山顶到海洋的河床。

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Consider the series circuit sketched above. This circuit has a drop for the entire circuit of 120 V and has three resistors connected in series. The current in this circuit is drawn in terms of electron flow. The electrons leave the potential difference source at the negative terminal and flow through the three resistors, starting with $\begin{array}{r}{R}_3\end{array}$ . Though they have a small amount of , the resistance of the connecting wires is so small in relation to the resistors that we ignore it. Therefore, we say that there is no voltage drop when the current passes through the connecting wires. The voltage drops occur when the current passes through each of the resistors and the total voltage drop for the entire circuit is equal to the sum of the voltage drops through the three resistors.
::考虑上面所绘制的系列电路。 这个电路具有整个电路120V的一滴, 并有三根电阻器相连接。 这个电路中的电流是用电子流绘制的。 电子将潜在差异源留在负终端, 从R3开始通过三个电阻器流动, 尽管它们有少量的阻力, 连接电线的阻力小到我们忽略了它。 因此, 我们说当电流通过连接电线时没有电压下降。 当电压通过每个电阻器时, 电压下降会发生, 而整个电阻器的电压下降总和通过三个电阻器的电压下降。

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$\begin{array}{r}{V}_T=V_1+V_2+V_3\end{array}$
::VT=V1+V2+V3

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The current through each of the resistors must be exactly the same because the current in a series circuit is the same everywhere. The current is moving in the entire circuit at the same time.
::每个阻力器中的电流必须完全相同, 因为一系列电路中的电流在任何地方都是相同的。 电流同时在整个电路中移动。

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$\begin{array}{r}{I}_T=I_1=I_2=I_3\end{array}$
::IT=I1=I2=I3 信息技术=I1=I2=I3

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Since the current passes through each resistor, the total resistance in the circuit is equal to the sum of the resistors. In the circuit above, the total resistance is:
::由于电流穿过每个抵抗器,电路的完全抵抗力等于抵抗器的总和。

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$\begin{array}{r}{R}_T=R_1+R_2+R_3=30\mathrm{\Omega }+15\mathrm{\Omega }+15\mathrm{\Omega }=60\mathrm{\Omega }\end{array}$
::RT=R1+R2+R3=30 $30 $15$15$15$60______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Therefore, the total current and the current through each resistor is
::因此,每个抵抗者现在和现在的总数是

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::I=VR=120 V60 +2.0 A.

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The individual voltage drops can be calculated using the current through each resistor and each resistor's individual resistance.
::单个电压滴滴可以通过通过每个抵抗器和每个抵抗器的个人抵抗力的电流计算出来。

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$\begin{array}{r}{V}_1=I_1{R}_1=(2.0A)(30\mathrm{\Omega })=60V\end{array}$
::V1=I1R1=(2.0 A)(30 })=60 V

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$\begin{array}{r}{V}_2=I_2{R}_2=(2.0A)(15\mathrm{\Omega })=30V\end{array}$
::V2=I2R2=(2.0 A)(15 })=30 V

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$\begin{array}{r}{V}_3=I_3{R}_3=(2.0A)(15\mathrm{\Omega })=30V\end{array}$
::V3=I3R3=(2.0 A)(15 })=30 V

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Example  
::示例示例示例示例

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Four 15 Ω resistors are connected in series with a 45 V battery. What is the current in the circuit?
::4个15个阻力器与一个45伏的电池连成系列。电路的电流是什么?

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$\begin{array}{r}{R}_T=15\mathrm{\Omega }+15\mathrm{\Omega }+15\mathrm{\Omega }+15\mathrm{\Omega }=60\mathrm{\Omega }\end{array}$
::RT=15 15 15 15 15 60 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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$\begin{array}{r}I=\frac{V}{R}=\frac{45V}{60\mathrm{\Omega }}=0.75A\end{array}$
::I=VR=45 V60 0.75 A

 

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Adjust the the resistance provided by each light bulb in the circuit and observe what happens to the total resistance in the PLIX Interactive below:
::调整电路中每个灯泡的阻力, 并观察以下PLIX互动的完全阻力:

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Adjust the total voltage of the circuit and observe what happens to the individual voltage drops in the PLIX Interactive below:
::调整电路总电压,并观察PLIX交互式电波下方的单个电压下降情况:

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Further Reading
::继续阅读

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Summary
::摘要

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• A series circuit is one in which all of the current must pass through every resistor in the circuit.
  ::一系列电路是所有电流必须穿过 电路中每个阻力器的电路
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• $\begin{array}{r}{V}_T=V_1+V_2+V_3\end{array}$
  ::VT=V1+V2+V3
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• $\begin{array}{r}{I}_T=I_1=I_2=I_3\end{array}$
  ::IT=I1=I2=I3 信息技术=I1=I2=I3
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• $\begin{array}{r}{R}_T=R_1+R_2+R_3\end{array}$
  ::RT=R1+R2+R3

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Review
::回顾

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1. There are three 20.0 Ω resistors connected in series across a 120 V generator.
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   1. What is the total resistance of the circuit?
      ::电路的完全阻力是什么?
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   2. What is the current in the circuit?
      ::电路的电流是什么?
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   3. What is the voltage drop across one of the resistors?
      ::抵抗者中间的电压是多少?
   
   ::在120V发电机上连通了三台20°C的阻力器。 电路的完全阻力是多少? 电路的电流是多少? 一个阻力器的电压是多少?
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2. A 5.00 Ω, a 10.0 Ω, and a 15.0 Ω resistor are connected in series across a 90.0 V battery.
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   1. What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit?
      ::电路的抵抗力是多少?
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   2. What is the current in the circuit?
      ::电路的电流是什么?
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   3. What is the voltage drop across the 5.00 Ω resistor?
      ::5点的电压在5点的阻力器上下跌了多少?
   
   ::A 5. 00 环, a 10. 0 环, 和 a 15. 0 环 阻力器在 90 0 V 电池上连成序列连接。 电路的阻力是多少? 电路的电流是多少? 电压在 5. 00 环 阻力器上是多少?
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3. A 5.00 Ω and a 10.0 Ω resistor are connected in series across an unknown voltage. The total current in the circuit is 3.00 A.
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   1. What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit?
      ::电路的抵抗力是多少?
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   2. What is the current through the 5.00 Ω resistor?
      ::5点阻力器的电流是什么?
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   3. What is the total voltage drop for the entire circuit?
      ::整个电路的总电压是多少?
   
   ::A 5. 00 和 a 10. 0 阻力器通过一个未知电压序列连接。 电路中的电流总量为 3. 00 A。 电路的抗力是多少? 电流在 5. 00 抗力中是多少? 整个电路的总电压是多少?

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Explore More
::探索更多

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Use this resource to answer the questions that follow.
::使用此资源回答下面的问题 。

 

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1. How do the voltage drops across the two light bulbs in the video relate to the total voltage drop for the entire circuit?
   ::视频中两个灯泡的电压如何与整个电路的总电压下降有关?
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2. In the video, what was the assumed voltage drop for the connecting wires and the switch?
   ::在录像中,连接线和开关的电压是多少?
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3. What was the current through the second light bulb as compared to the current through the first light bulb?
   ::第二个灯泡的电流是多少? 与第一个灯泡的电流相比,第二个灯泡的电流是多少?