章节大纲

  • Verbals are forms of verbs that are being used in ways other than the verb of the sentence.  In other words, these verbs take on the function of another part of speech.  In order to understand participles better, one must understand the four principal parts of verbs.
    ::语言是非句子动词所使用的动词形式。 换句话说, 这些动词具有演讲另一部分的功能。 为了更好地了解参与者,人们必须理解动词的四个主要部分。

    The following examples shows the principal parts of the regular verb, talk , and the irregular verb, go .
    ::以下例子显示了常规动词、谈话和不正常动词的主要部分。

    Example 1: The Principal Parts of Talk
    ::例1:主要谈话部分

    Example 2: The Principal Parts of Go.
    ::实例2:Go的主要部分。

    Need additional help with principal parts of verbs?  The following links may help:
    ::动词的主要部分需要额外的帮助吗? 下列链接可以帮助:


     

    Participles
    ::参加人员

    A participle is a verb used in either its present participle or past participle form, but it will not have a helping verb with it.  In this case, the participle form is not acting as a verb.  Instead, it will be acting as an adjective, modifying a noun within the sentence.
    ::参加方是目前参加方或过去参加方使用的动词,但不会起到帮助作用。在这种情况下,参加方不是作为动词,而是作为形容词,修改句内的名词。

    • Example 1: In the following sentence, sleep is in the present participle form.
      ::例1:在以下一句中,睡眠是目前的参加形式。


      ::例1:在以下一句中,睡眠是目前的参加形式。

    Because it is used with the helping verb is and is used as the action of the sentence, sleeping is functioning as a verb in this sentence.
    ::因为它被用于帮助动词, 并且被用作句子的动作, 睡眠作为动词在本句中起作用。

    • Example 2: In this next sentence, sleep is also used in the present participle form.
      ::例2:在下一句中,睡眠也以目前的参加形式使用。


      ::例2:在下一句中,睡眠也以目前的参加形式使用。

    In this case, sleeping is modifying the dog by identifying which dog is being referenced, therefore functioning as as an adjective.  The word snores is functioning as the verb since it is showing the action of the dog.
    ::在此情况下,睡眠正在通过识别被引用的狗来改变狗,因此它作为一个形容词发挥作用。 鼻涕这个词是作为动词发挥作用的,因为它展示了狗的动作。

    Looking at the sentence in Example 2 above, sleeping is a part of the participle (or participial) phrase .  A participle phrase will contain a participle, any direct and/or indirect object or complements to the participle, and any modifiers.
    ::以上例2的句子中,睡眠是参加(或参加)语句的一部分,参加(或参加)语句将包含参加(参加)语句、任何直接和(或)间接物体或补充参加(参加)语句和任何修改者。

    In the sentence, sleeping in the corner is the participle phrase because it begins with the participle and contains an adverb phrase, in the corner , that is modifying the participle.
    ::在句子中,在角落睡觉是参加词句,因为它以参加词句开头,在角落中有一个副词句,正在修改参加词句。

    Need additional help with participles?  The following link may help:
    ::需要为与会者提供额外帮助吗? 下列联系可能有所帮助:

     

    Gerunds
    ::格伦兹

    Gerunds are verbs in the present participle form that are acting as one of the following functions of a noun: subject, direct object, predicate nominative, or object of the preposition.  As is the case with participles, gerunds can operate individually or as a part of a phrase also containing objects or complements and modifiers.
    ::Gerunds是作为名词的下列函数之一发挥作用的本参加方形式的动词:标的主体、直接对象、上游标的或预置对象,与参加方的情况一样,Gerunds可以单独运作,也可以作为含有物体或补充和修改物的短语的一部分运作。

    • Example 1: Gerund as a Subject
      ::实例1:作为主题的格伦德

    Playing is the gerund is this sentence acting as the subject to the linking verb is .   Playing cards with my friends is the gerund phrase because it contains the gerund, a direct object ( cards ), and a modifying phrase ( with my friends ).
    ::播放的格伦德语是这个句子作为链接动词的主体。 与我的朋友玩牌就是格伦德语,因为它包含格伦德语,一个直接对象(卡)和一个修改词(与我的朋友 ) 。

    • Example 2: Gerund as a Direct Object
      ::实例2:作为直接目标的格伦德


      ::实例2:作为直接目标的格伦德

    In this case, singing is the gerund acting as the direct object to the verb loves .  It also begins the gerund phrase singing in the shower that contains a modifying phrase to the gerund.
    ::在此情况下,歌唱是格伦德语作为动脉爱的直接对象。它也开始格伦德语在淋浴中歌唱,其中含有对格伦德语的修改。

    • Example 3: Gerund as an Indirect Object
      ::实例3:作为间接对象的格伦德


      ::实例3:作为间接对象的格伦德

    Writing is the gerund in this sentence because it is functioning as the indirect object.  Since there are no objects, complements, or modifiers that accompany the gerund, the sentence does not contain a gerund phrase.
    ::写入是本句中的格伦德语, 因为它是作为间接对象发挥作用的。 由于没有伴随格伦德的对象、 补充物或修饰物, 句子中不含格伦德语 。

    • Example 4: Gerund as a Subject Complement, or a Predicate Nominative
      ::实例4:作为主题补充,或作为优先标的格伦德


      ::实例4:作为主题补充,或作为优先标的格伦德

    Because catching is complementing the subject, it is acting as the predicate nominative to the sentence.  The phrase catching the thief in the act contains a direct object, modifier for the direct object, and a modifying phrase to the gerund.
    ::因为抓捕是对该主题的补充,所以它充当了判决的上游名词。 在行为中抓获小偷的短语包含直接物体、直接物体的修饰器和对格伦德的修改词。

    • Example 5: Gerund as an Object of a Preposition
      ::实例5:格伦德作为前提的客体


      ::实例5:格伦德作为前提的客体

    • Being is the gerund that is functioning as the object of the preposition for .  The gerund phrase being rude to the neighbor also includes a complement and a modifying phrase to the gerund.
      ::格伦德语是作为预言对象发挥作用的格伦德语。格伦德语对邻居粗鲁,还包括加伦德语的补充和修改语。


      ::格伦德语是作为预言对象发挥作用的格伦德语。格伦德语对邻居粗鲁,还包括加伦德语的补充和修改语。

    Need additional help with gerunds?  The following link may help:
    ::在Gerunds方面需要额外的帮助吗? 以下链接可以帮助:

    Infinitives
    ::无限

    Infinitives are verbs in the present form following the word to that can act as either a noun or a modifier.  Infinitives can also act alone or a part of an infinitive phrase.
    ::无限期是目前形式的动词,在这个词之后,可以作为名词或修饰词发挥作用,无限期也可以单独行动,也可以作为无限期短语的一部分。

    • Example 1: Infinitive as a Noun
      ::实例1:作为名词的无限期化


      ::实例1:作为名词的无限期化

    In this case, to retake is the infinitive functioning as a noun in the role of the direct object of the sentence.  There is also a direct object to the infinitive, making to retake the Spanish test the infinitive phrase.
    ::在本案中,重新收监是判决直接对象作用的名词,也是无穷无尽的,还有对无穷无尽的直接反对,使西班牙的测试成为无尽的短语。

    • Example 2: Infinitive as an Adjective
      ::实例2:作为形容词的无限期


      ::实例2:作为形容词的无限期

     

    Because to perform is the infinitive that is identifying the desire of the subject, it is functioning as an adjective.  It contains a modifying phrase for the infinitive, making to perform in the talent show the infinitive phrase.
    ::因为表演是确定对象愿望的无限性,所以它作为一个形容词发挥作用。它包含一个修改的词句,用于表演,在才艺中表现出无限性。

    • Example 3: Infinitive as an Adverb
      ::实例3:作为副词的无限期化


      ::实例3:作为副词的无限期化

    In this case, to relax is the infinitive modifying the verb is painting .  There are no objects, complements, or modifiers, so this sentence does not contain an infinitive phrase.
    ::在此情况下, 要放松就是修改动词是油漆的无穷无尽的。 没有对象、 补充物或修饰物, 所以这句话没有无尽的短语 。

    Need additional help with infinitives?  The following links may be helpful:
    ::需要更多无穷无尽的帮助吗? 下列联系可能是有益的: