章节大纲

  • lesson content

    are only and . So what's the difference between them?
    ::他们之间有什么区别?

    Well, the shape the proteins take. Some form a round covering, others form other shapes. And it's not always DNA. It could be . Or single-stranded DNA. So, it is both the protein shape and the type of genetic material that are used to classify viruses.
    ::蛋白质的形状。 有些形成圆环覆盖, 另一些则形成其他形状。 它并不总是DNA。 它可能是. 或者单层DNA。 所以, 它既是蛋白质的形状, 也是用来分类病毒的基因材料类型。

    Classification of Viruses
    ::病毒分类

    Like the systems for cellular organisms , virus classification is the subject of ongoing debate. This is largely due to the nature of viruses, which cannot truly be classified as either living or non-living. Therefore, viruses do not fit neatly into the biological classification system of cellular organisms, as plants and do.
    ::与细胞生物系统一样,病毒分类也是持续辩论的主题,这主要是由于病毒的性质,病毒不能真正被归类为活的或非活的。 因此,病毒并不像植物和植物那样完全适合细胞生物分类系统。

    Virus classification is based mainly on characteristics of the viral particles, including the capsid shape ( Figure ), the type of (DNA or RNA and double-stranded (ds) or single-stranded (ss)) within the capsid, the process of replication, their host organisms, and the type of disease they cause. Table lists characteristics such as capsid shape, presence of an envelope, and the diseases the viruses can cause.
    ::病毒分类主要基于病毒粒子的特性,包括胶状形状(图 ) 、 胶囊内(DNA或RNA和双层(ds)或单层(ss))的类型、 复制过程、 宿主有机体及其引起的疾病类型。 表格列出了封状形状、 信封的存在 和病毒可能造成的疾病 等特征 。

    Viruses
    Virus Family Virus Envelope Capsid shape Nucleic Acid Disease
    Adenoviruses Adenovirus Naked Icosahedral dsDNA upper respiratory infections
    Parvoviruses Parvovirus Naked Icosahedral ssDNA fifth disease, Canine parvovirus
    Herpesviruses Herpes simplex virus, Varicella zoster virus, Epstein Barr virus Enveloped Icosahedral dsDNA Herpes, chicken pox, shingles, infectious mononucleosis
    Hepadnaviruses Hepatitis B virus Enveloped Icosahedral dsDNA Hepatitis B
    Reoviruses Rotavirus Naked Icosahedral dsRNA gastroenteritis
    Retroviruses , HTLV-I Enveloped Complex ssRNA , leukemia
    Orthomyxoviruses Influenzaviruses Enveloped Helical ssRNA Influenza (flu)
    Rhabdoviruses Rabies virus Enveloped Helical ssRNA Rabies
    Coronaviruses Corona virus Enveloped Complex ssRNA Common cold, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
    Cystoviruses Cystovirus Enveloped Icosahedral dsRNA Infects Pseudomonas

    lesson content

    Morphology of common viruses that infect humans.
    ::感染人类的常见病毒的病理学

      

     

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Describe how viruses are classified. Give three examples.
      ::说明病毒是如何分类的,举三个例子。