章节大纲

  • On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded in the Gulf of Mexico beginning the worst oil spill in history. Two days later, the rig sank and an oil leak was discovered 1 .
    ::2010年4月20日, 深水地平线石油钻井平台在墨西哥湾爆炸,

    If we assume the spill was circular in shape (because of currents and changing wind directions, this is not the case), we can estimate the growth of the spill over time.
    ::如果我们假设溢漏是圆形的(由于洋流和风向变化,情况并非如此),我们可以估计溢漏随着时间推移而增加的情况。

     In the first 4.5 days of the spill, the oil spread at a rate of approximately 0.13 miles per hour (mph).
    ::在溢漏的头4.5天,石油扩散速度约为每小时0.13英里。

    1. If the radius changed according to the formula @$\begin{align*}r_1 (t) = rate \cdot time\end{align*}@$ , where time is measured in hours, what function represents the change in the area over a period of hours? (HINT: Use composition to find the area.)
    ::1. 如果半径根据公式@$\ begin{ align}r_1 (t) = erg =\ cdot time\ end{ align}$, 以小时计时, 以小时计时, 哪个函数代表一个小时内区域的变化? ( HINT: 使用构成查找区域 。)

    2. After 4.5 days, what was the area of the oil spill?
    ::2. 在4.5天之后,石油溢漏的面积是多少?

    After the first observation of the spill on April 25th, the spread of the oil accelerated. The radius of the spill was changing at a rate of 0.175 mph.
    ::在4月25日第一次观测泄漏事件后,石油扩散加速,溢漏半径以0.175毫秒的速度变化。

    3. Using the formula, @$\begin{align*}r_2 (t) =.175(t-108)+14\end{align*}@$ , for the new estimate of the radius, find the function that represents the change in area over time.
    ::3. 使用公式, @$\ begin{ align}r_2(t) = 175(t- 108)+14\end{align}} end{end} $, 用于对半径进行新的估计, 找到代表区域随时间变化的函数 。

    4. What was the area of the spill 9.5 days later on April 30th?
    ::4. 4月30日9.5天之后的9.5天后,泄漏区在哪里?

    5. Due to cleaning efforts and evaporation, the spread of the oil slowed over time. If the rate of the spread of the spill from April 20th to when it reached land averaged 0.12 mph, when did oil come ashore 116 miles away in Gulf Islands National Seashore?
    ::5. 由于清洁和蒸发工作,石油的传播随着时间的推移而减缓,如果溢油从4月20日蔓延到平均达到0.12英里的土地时,石油何时在海湾岛屿国家海岸116英里之外岸上?

    by Alertometer shows some footage from the oil spill and describes how oil rigs work.
    ::并描述石油钻井平台如何运作。

    References
    ::参考参考资料

    1."Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill," last edited May 22, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill.
    ::“深水地平线石油泄漏”, 2017年5月22日编辑, https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill。