章节大纲

  • Lesson Objectives
    ::经验教训目标

    • Compare and contrast the major stages in the life cycles, such as those that undergo incomplete and complete metamorphosis. 
      ::比较和对比生命周期的主要阶段,例如那些经历了不完全和完全变形的阶段。

    Lesson Vocabulary
    ::词汇表课程

    • incomplete metamorphosis
      ::不完整的变形
    • life cycle
      ::整个生命周期
    • metamorphosis
      ::变形
    • nymph
      ::尼 尼 尼 色

    lesson content
     

    What is this?
    ::这是什么?

    What are these objects? They look like tiny beads. Did someone's bracelet break? No, they are actually insect eggs. To be specific, they are butterfly eggs. A butterfly is an insect. An insect is a special kind of bug. 
    ::这些东西是什么?它们看起来像小珠子。有人的手镯断了吗?不,它们实际上是昆虫蛋。具体地说,它们是蝴蝶蛋。蝴蝶是昆虫。昆虫是一种特殊的虫。

    Some baby insects look like their parents. Others do not. Most insects hatch from eggs. The female adult butterfly lays her eggs on plants. The plant helps protect her young. With time, the baby insect will hatch from the egg.
    ::有些昆虫婴儿长得像父母,有些则不像。大多数昆虫从蛋中孵出。雌性成年蝴蝶在植物上产卵。植物帮助保护幼虫。随着时间的流逝,幼虫会从蛋中孵出。

    The plant will supply food for the young insect. The plant will also help it get water. The plant's leaves contain water.  When the young insect eats the plant, it will get water. What comes out of a butterfly egg? Yes, this is a trick question. Butterflies will not come out of the eggs. Instead, butterfly larva come out of the eggs!
    ::植物将为幼虫提供食物,植物也帮助它获得水,植物的叶子含有水,当幼虫吃植物的时候,植物将获得水。蝴蝶卵出什么?是的,这是个谜题。蝴蝶不会从卵中出来,而是蝴蝶幼虫从卵中出来。

    What is a butterfly larva? We call butterfly larva a caterpillar. Over time, the caterpillar will mature. During its life, it will go through another change. In the next change, these young insects will form a pupa. This pupa is called a chrysalis. You may have seen chrysalis hanging from trees. What happens in the pupa stage is amazing! The caterpillar changes into a butterfly. 
    ::蝴蝶幼虫是什么? 我们称蝴蝶幼虫为毛虫。 随着时间的推移, 毛虫会成熟。 在它生命中, 它会经历另一个变化。 在下一个变化中, 这些年轻的昆虫会形成一个小虫。 这个小虫被称为菊花。 你可能见过树上挂着的菊花。 在幼虫阶段发生的事情是惊人的! 毛虫会变成蝴蝶 。

    An insect's life cycle is not always like ours. It's not even like a plant. When animals are born, they are small version of adults. Plants, too, are small versions of larger plants. Insects can look different than adults. In fact, they look like different creatures. These insects will go through a transformation. This transformation is called a  metamorphosis . Why is it important for insects to have this ability? This ability gives insects the ability to adapt to their habitat.
    ::昆虫的生命周期并不总是和我们一样。 它甚至不像植物。 当动物出生的时候, 它们也是小的成人。 植物也是小的植物。 昆虫看起来可以与大人不同。 事实上, 它们看起来像不同的生物。 这些昆虫会经历一个转变。 这种转变被称为变形。 为什么昆虫有这种能力是很重要的? 这种能力使昆虫有能力适应其栖息地。

    Insect Reproduction and Life Cycle
    ::昆虫生殖和生命周期

    An insect’s life cycle is not like yours. When they are young they look a certain way. During their lives, some insects go through a change. For most insects, they go through four stages. The first stage is the egg stage. In the second stage, they hatch as insect larva. The larva then matures. Next is the pupa chrysalis stage. After this final stage, the insect will look like its parents. This change is called a complete metamorphosis. 
    ::昆虫的生命周期与你的不一样。 当它们年轻时,它们看起来一定有变化。 有些昆虫在生命中经历了改变。 对于大多数昆虫来说,它们经过了四个阶段。 第一阶段是蛋阶段。 在第二个阶段,它们孵化成昆虫幼虫。 幼虫随后长大了。 接下来是幼虫的幼虫阶段。 在这个最后阶段之后,昆虫将看起来像父母一样。 这个变化被称为完全的变形。

    Three Types of Metamorphosis
    ::三种变形类型

    An insect can have one of three types of change in its life ( Table  ). A metamorphosis describes how insects change. Some insects do not go through a change. Instead, the young look like small versions of adults. The only change between young and mature is size. Other types of insects go through a change in physical appearance. There are two types of this type of change. Some insects change only slightly during their change. This type is called incomplete metamorphosis. Other types of insects go through a major change. They don't look at all like the adult when they are born. This type of change is called complete metamorphosis.  
    ::昆虫的寿命可以发生三种类型的变化(表 ) 。 一种变形描述昆虫是如何变化的。 有些昆虫不会发生改变。 相反, 年轻人看起来像成人的小型版本。 年轻和成熟之间唯一的变化是大小。 其他类型的昆虫在身体外观上的变化。 有两种类型的变化。 有些昆虫在改变过程中变化不大。 这种类型被称为不完全的变形。 其他类型的昆虫经历了重大的变化。 它们不像出生时的成年人那样看待这些变化。 这种类型的变化被称为完全变形。

    Type of Metamorphosis Characteristics Examples
    None
    • Only difference between adult and  larvae  (young or non-adult insects) is size.
      ::成年昆虫和幼虫(幼虫或非成年昆虫)的大小只有差异。
    • Occurs in the most primitive insects.
      ::最原始的昆虫的污染
    • Newborn insect looks like a tiny version of the adult.
      ::新生的昆虫看起来像 成人的微小版本。
    		Silverfish, firebrats, springtails
    Incomplete
    • Three stages: egg, nymph, and adult.
      ::三个阶段: 鸡蛋,尼姆发,和成人。
    • Young, called  nymphs,  usually similar to adult.
      ::年轻,叫性器官,通常和成人相似
    • Growth occurs during the nymph stage.
      ::在阴道阶段出现增长。
    • Wings then appear as buds on nymphs or early forms.
      ::然后,翅膀在乳房或早期形态上出现作为芽。
    • When last molt is completed, wings expand to full adult size.
      ::当最后一件毛衣完成后 翅膀会膨胀到成人的完整体型
    		Dragonflies, grasshoppers, mantids, cockroaches, termites
    Complete
    • Most insects undergo this type.
      ::大多数昆虫都患有这种疾病。
    • Stages of the life cycle include: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Each stage looks different from the others.
      ::生命周期的各个阶段包括:鸡蛋、幼虫、幼虫和成人,每个阶段与其他阶段不同。
    • Immature and adult stages have different forms. They have different behaviors. They live in different habitats.
      ::成熟阶段和成人阶段的形式不同,行为也不同,生活在不同的生境中。
    • Immature form is called larvae. It remains similar in form but increases in size.
      ::光度表被称为幼虫,在形式上类似,但体积增加。
    • Larvae usually have chewing mouthparts even if adult mouthparts are sucking ones.
      ::拉瓦人通常有咀嚼的嘴部,即使成人嘴部是吸的。
    • At last larval stage of development, insect forms into pupa ( Figure  ). It does not eat or move.
      ::在最后的幼虫发育阶段,昆虫形成小狗(图)。它不吃也不移动。
    • During  pupa  stage, wing development begins. Afterwards, adult emerges.
      ::在幼年阶段,翅膀发育开始,然后成人出现。
    		Butterflies, moths, flies, ants, bees, beetles
    The chrysalis (pupal stage) of a monarch butterfly
     
    The chrysalis (pupal stage) of a monarch butterfly.

    Lesson Summary
    ::经验教训摘要

    • Insects can reproduce rapidly.
      ::昆虫可迅速繁殖。
    • Metamorphosis describes how insects transform from an immature form into an adult. It can be part of the insect life cycle.
      ::变形说明昆虫如何从不成熟的形态转变为成年人。它可能是昆虫生命周期的一部分。

    Lesson Review Questions
    ::经验回顾问题

    1. Define Metamorphosis.
      ::定义变形。
    1. What is the difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis?
      ::完整和不完整的变形之间有什么区别?
    1. What are the four stages of complete metamorphosis?
      ::四个完全转变阶段是什么?
    1. Describe the differences between the immature and adult forms of most insects.
      ::描述大多数昆虫的不成熟形式和成年形式之间的差异。