在散放绘图中代表数据

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Using Data in Science
::科学使用数据

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In every branch of science, scientists use the scientific method, which is a process of asking questions, researching the question, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis and analyzing the results. Data is vital to this process as scientists use data to help form their hypothesis. They also analyze the data collected from testing their hypothesis to help form a conclusion as to whether their hypothesis was correct. By organizing and visualizing the data, it is easier to find patterns that can be used to verify a hypothesis. 
::在科学的每一个分支中,科学家都使用科学方法,这是一个提出问题、研究问题、形成假设、测试假设和分析结果的过程。数据对于这一过程至关重要,因为科学家利用数据来形成他们的假设。他们还分析了从试验他们的假设中收集的数据,以帮助得出他们的假设是否正确的结论。通过组织和直观地分析数据,更容易找到可用于验证假设的模式。

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B egin with bivariate quantitative data . Bivariate data means that the data comes from two variables (think "bi-variable" - bivariate data has two variables like a bicycle has two wheels). For example, if the temperature of a room changes over time, the two variables are the temperature and the time at which the temperature was measured. Quantitative data is data that can be measured (in other words, there is a measurable quantity). Examples of quantitative data are the height of a person, the speed of a car, the mass of a baseball, etc. The type of graph which  you will use to display this type of data is the scatter plot .
::以双变量量化数据开头。 双变量数据意味着数据来自两个变量( 想象“ 双变量” - 双变量数据有两个变量, 如自行车有两个轮子 。 例如, 如果一个房间的温度随时间变化, 两个变量是温度和温度测量时间。 定量数据是可以测量的数据( 换句话说, 数量 ) 。 量化数据的例子包括一个人的高度、 汽车的速度、 棒球的质量等等。 您用来显示这类数据的图表类型是分布图 。

 

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Understanding Scatter Plots
::理解散散分布图

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The most common method for displaying quantitative bivariate  data  is using a scatter plot. A scatter plot is a type of graph which uses a Cartesian coordinate plane to display points defined by their location relative to the $\begin{align*}x\text{-}\end{align*}$ axis and $\begin{align*}y\text{-}\end{align*}$ axis. Each point gives you information about the two variables: $\begin{align*}x\end{align*}$  and  $\begin{align*}y.\end{align*}$  The points in a scatter plot come from a table of collected data. The scatter plot below compares the shoe sizes of 10 randomly chosen people to their height in inches.
::显示量化双变量数据的最常见的方法就是使用散射图。 散射图是一种图形, 它使用笛卡尔坐标平面显示相对于 x 轴和 y 轴的位置定义的点。 每个点都向您提供有关两个变量的信息: x 和 y。 散射图中的点来自一个收集数据的表格。 下面的散射图比较了10个随机选取的人的鞋尺寸和其高度的英寸。

 

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Climate Change Continued
::气候变化持续

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Climate change is one of the most important scientific and political discussions happening right now. The debate over the climate comes from two important questions:
::气候变化是当前最重要的科学和政治讨论之一。 有关气候的辩论来自两个重要问题:

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• Is the climate changing?
  ::气候在变化吗?
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• If the climate is changing, is it the result of human activity?
  ::如果气候在变化,是人类活动的结果吗?

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The purpose of using data is to make decisions based on facts. However, we live in a time where data can be manipulated to distort facts. It is important for us to be able to understand data, see through agendas, and find the truth. B egin by tackling the question, “Is the climate changing?” Below is a scatter plot that shows the mean global temperature in ten-year increments from 1890 to 2010. Each point shows the mean temperature over the ten year period before and including that year. The point for the year 1920 shows the mean temperature from 1911 through 1920.
::使用数据的目的是根据事实做出决策。然而,我们生活在一个可以操纵数据来歪曲事实的时代。重要的是,我们必须能够理解数据,通过议程来观察,并找到真相。 首先,从回答问题开始 , “ 气候变化吗? ? ? ”下面是一个散射图,显示全球平均温度从1890年到2010年的10年递增。 每个点都显示了前一年(包括该年)的10年平均温度。 1920年的点显示了1911年到1920年的平均温度。

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For this interactive, you will need to understand axis minimums, axis maximums, and scales. The minimum and maximums for the axes represent where the $\begin{align*}x\text{-}\end{align*}$ axis and $\begin{align*}y\text{-}\end{align*}$ axis start and end. The scale of an axis is how much one notch along an axis represents. For example, a graph may have an $\begin{align*}x\text{-}\end{align*}$ axis with a minimum of 50, a maximum of 100 and a scale of 5. This means that the $\begin{align*}x\text{-}\end{align*}$ axis runs from 50 to 100 by increments of 5. In the interactive below, explore the effect that the scales, the axis minimums, and the axis maximums can have on how you perceive data represented on a graph.
::对于此交互性, 您需要理解轴最小值、 轴最大值和尺度。 轴的最小值和最大值代表 X 轴和 y 轴的起始和终点。 轴的尺度是轴的表示值。 例如, 图形可能有一个 X 轴, 最小值为 50, 最大值为 100, 最大值为 5 。 这意味着x 轴以递增值从 50 向 100 递增 。 在下面的互动中, 探索尺度、 轴最小值和轴最大值如何看待图表中的数据。

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Discussion Question
::讨论问题

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How can manipulating the axes affect how people view the data?
::操纵斧头如何影响人们如何看待数据?

 

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Making Scatter Plots
::制作散列绘图

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Using what  you have learned thus far, turn the table below into a scatter plot. Use the interactive to plot the points listed in the table.
::使用您迄今所学的知识, 将下面的表格变成一个散射图。 使用交互式图解来绘制表格中列出的点 。

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$$\begin{align*}\begin{array} {c | c} x & y\\ \hline 3 & 5\\ \hline 1 & 1\\ \hline 4 & 7\\ \hline 3 & 7\\ \hline 5 & 10\\ \hline 6 & 9\\ \hline 2 & 6\\ \end{array}\end{align*}$$
::xy351147375106926