石油泄漏

 

Can you see the oil in a big oil spill?
::你能看见大漏油中的石油吗?

The photo on the left shows the 2010 Gulf of Mexico  oil  spill after oil has leaked for nearly one month. About a month later, about twice as much oil had spilled into the Gulf, as seen on the right. The  water  moves and so the oil moves with it.
::左边的照片显示了2010年墨西哥湾石油泄漏事件,因为石油泄漏近一个月了。 大约一个月后,石油泄漏到墨西哥湾的石油大约是右边的两倍。 水流和石油随河而流。

Oil Spills
::漏油

Oil spills are another  source  of ocean pollution. To get at oil buried beneath the  , oil rigs are built in the oceans. These rigs pump oil from beneath the ocean floor. Huge ocean tankers carry oil around the world. If something goes wrong with a rig on a tanker, millions of barrels of oil may end up in the water. The oil may coat and kill ocean animals. Some of the oil will wash ashore. This oil may destroy coastal  wetlands  and ruin  beaches .
::石油泄漏是海洋污染的另一个来源。为了得到埋在海底的石油,石油钻机建在海洋中。这些钻机从洋底下面抽油。巨大的海洋油轮在世界各地运载石油。如果油轮的钻机出了问题,数百万桶石油可能最终会流入水中。石油可能涂上和杀死海洋动物。有些石油会冲上岸。这种石油可能会摧毁沿海湿地和海滩。

The Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill
::墨西哥湾石油溢漏

The figure below shows oil on a Louisiana beach ( Figure   ). The oil washed ashore after a deadly oil rig explosion in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010.
::2010年墨西哥湾发生致命的石油钻机爆炸后,石油冲到岸边。

 

New drilling techniques allow oil companies to drill in deeper waters than ever before. In April 2010 a rig in the Gulf of Mexico exploded. Eleven workers were killed and 17 injured. When the drill rig sank, a pipe was disconnected and oil gushed into the Gulf. Three months later the well was capped. But 4.9 million barrels had entered the Gulf, making it the largest accidental marine oil spill in history.
::2010年4月,墨西哥湾的一台钻机爆炸,11名工人丧生,17人受伤,钻机沉没后,一条管子断了,石油渗入海湾。 三个月后,油井封盖了。 但490万桶钻井进入了海湾,成为历史上最大的海上意外漏油事件。

Cleanup
::清理清理

Once the oil is in the water, there are three ways to try to clean it:
::一旦石油进入水中,有三种方法可以清理:

1. Removal: Corral and then burn the oil.
   ::清除:Corral,然后烧掉石油。

1. Containment: Use containment booms to trap the oil.
   ::封隔:使用封隔热来捕捉石油。

1. Dispersal: Use chemicals to get the oil to disperse, called  chemical dispersants . Some scientists think that the harm to the environment from the dispersants is as great as the harm from the oil.
   ::分散物:使用化学物质来驱散石油,称为化学分散剂。 一些科学家认为,分散物对环境的危害与石油的危害一样严重。

The total effect of the oil spill on the environment of the Gulf is not yet known. Oil is found in the  sediments  on the seafloor. Many people who fish or are involved in Gulf tourism were also impacted. Studies of the effects of the oil spill on people and animals will continue for many years.
::石油泄漏对海湾地区环境的总体影响还不得而知,在海底的沉积物中发现了石油,许多捕鱼或参与海湾旅游的人也受到影响,对石油泄漏对人和动物的影响的研究将持续多年。

What You Can Do
::你能做什么,你能够做什么

Small amounts of oil leak into the oceans from wells or ships. By reducing the amount of oil and gas you use, you decrease the need for these commodities. Also, be sure to dispose of motor oil correctly. Motor oil poured down a sewage grate can end up in the sea. It's important to be sure that companies follow environmental regulations. They must also be cautious when they drill or transport oil in the oceans. People can demand that companies protect the ocean environment.
::少量石油从水井或船只渗入海洋。 通过减少油气消耗量, 您可以减少对这些商品的需求。 另外, 您也可以确保正确处置汽车油。 汽车油倒入污水槽可能最终会流入海洋。 重要的是要确保公司遵守环境规章。 当他们在海洋钻井或运输石油时, 也必须谨慎行事。 人们可以要求公司保护海洋环境 。

Summary
::摘要

• Most ocean pollution comes from land and most is found near the coasts. Most of this trash is plastic.
  ::大多数海洋污染来自陆地,大部分是在海岸附近发现的,其中大部分是塑料垃圾。

• Plastic trash does not usually biodegrade in the ocean but just forms tiny plastic molecules.
  ::塑料垃圾通常不会在海洋生物降解,而只是形成微小的塑料分子。

• Massive amounts of oil that have been spilled into a water body can be removed, contained, or dispersed. This is not easy or complete.
  ::渗入水体的大量石油可以被清除、控制或分散,这不容易或完整。

Review
 ::回顾

1. What caused the Gulf of Mexico oil spill?
   ::是什么导致了墨西哥湾漏油?

1. How can an oil spill be cleaned up? Does cleanup return the region to its normal state?
   ::如何清理漏油? 清理是否让该地区恢复到正常状态?

1. What can you do to reduce the chance of oil entering the oceans?
   ::你能做些什么来减少石油进入海洋的机会?