规划和进行调查

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Designing, Conducting, and Analyzing Surveys 
::设计、进行和分析调查

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A survey is a way to ask a lot of people a few well-constructed questions. The survey is a series of unbiased questions that the subject must answer. Some advantages of surveys are that they are efficient ways of collecting information from a large number of people, they are relatively easy to administer, a wide variety of information can be collected and they can be focused (researchers can stick to just the questions that interest them.) Some disadvantages of surveys arise from the fact that they depend on the subjects’ motivation, honesty, memory and ability to respond. Moreover, answer choices to survey questions could lead to vague data . For example, the choice “moderately agree” may mean different things to different people or to whoever ends up interpreting the data.
::调查是一种向许多人询问几个设计良好的问题的方式。调查是一系列公正无私的问题,该主题必须回答。调查的一些优点是,调查是向许多人收集信息的有效方式,相对而言,调查比较容易管理,可以收集各种各样的信息,并且可以重点突出(研究人员可以坚持他们感兴趣的问题。 )调查的一些缺点是,调查取决于对象的动机、诚实、记忆和答复能力。 此外,回答对调查问题的选择可能会导致数据模糊不清。 比如,选择“适度同意”可能意味着不同的人或任何最后解释数据的人有不同的含义。

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Conducting a Survey
::进行调查

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There are various methods for administering a survey. It can be done as a face-to face interview or a phone interview where the researcher is questioning the subject. A different option is to have a self-administered survey where the subject can complete a survey on paper and mail it back, or complete the survey online. There are advantages and disadvantages to each of these methods.
::调查有多种管理方法,可以作为面对面的面谈或电话面谈,由研究人员对问题进行质询,另一种选择是进行自我管理的调查,使调查对象能够通过纸面或邮寄完成调查,或在线完成调查,这两种方法都有利弊。

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The advantages of face-to-face interviews include fewer misunderstood questions, fewer incomplete responses, higher response rates, and greater control over the environment in which the survey is administered; also, the researcher can collect additional information if any of the respondents’ answers need clarifying. The disadvantages of face-to-face interviews are that they can be expensive and time-consuming and may require a large staff of trained interviewers. In addition, the response can be biased by the appearance or attitude of the interviewer.
::面对面访谈的好处包括问题被误解较少、答复不完全、答复率更高、对调查环境的控制更强;此外,如果任何被调查者的答复需要澄清,研究人员可以收集更多信息。 面对面访谈的缺点是它们可能费用昂贵、耗时且需要大量受过培训的访谈人员。 此外,访谈者的外表或态度也可能给人带来偏见。

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The advantages of self-administered surveys are that they are less expensive than interviews, do not require a large staff of experienced interviewers and can be administered in large numbers. In addition, anonymity and privacy encourage more candid and honest responses, and there is less pressure on respondents. The disadvantages of self-administered surveys are that responders are more likely to stop participating mid-way through the survey and respondents cannot ask them to clarify their answers. In addition, there are lower response rates than in personal interviews, and often the respondents who bother to return surveys represent extremes of the population – those people who care about the issue strongly, whichever way their opinion leans.
::自我管理调查的优点在于其费用比面试便宜,不需要大量有经验的面试人员,而且可以大量进行。 此外,匿名和隐私鼓励更加坦率和诚实的回答,对被调查者的压力也较小。 自管理调查的缺点是,答复者更有可能停止参与调查的中途,而答复者无法要求他们澄清其回答。 此外,答复率比个人访谈要低,而试图返回调查的被调查者往往代表着人口的极端状况 — — 那些非常关心这一问题的人,无论他们的观点如何偏颇。

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Designing a Survey
::设计调查

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Surveys can take different forms. They can be used to ask only one question or they can ask a series of questions. We can use surveys to test out people’s opinions or to test a hypothesis.
::调查可以采取不同的形式。 它们只能用来问一个问题,也可以用来问一系列问题。 我们可以用调查来测试人们的意见或者测试一种假设。

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When designing a survey, the following steps are useful:
::在设计调查时,下列步骤是有用的:

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1. Determine the goal of your survey: What question do you want to answer?
   ::确定调查的目标:你想回答什么问题?
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2. Identify the sample population: Whom will you interview?
   ::确定抽样人口:你将采访谁?
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3. Choose an interviewing method: face-to-face interview, phone interview, self-administered paper survey, or internet survey.
   ::选择面谈方法:面对面面谈、电话面谈、自我管理纸质调查或互联网调查。
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4. Decide what questions you will ask in what order, and how to phrase them. (This is important if there is more than one piece of information you are looking for.)
   ::决定您要问什么顺序以及如何表达这些问题。 (如果您需要不止一个信息, 这一点很重要 。 )
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5. Conduct the interview and collect the information.
   ::进行面谈和收集资料。
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6. Analyze the results by making graphs and drawing conclusions.
   ::通过制作图表和作出结论来分析结果。

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Constructing a Survey
::建立调查

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1. Martha wants to construct a survey that shows which sports students at her school like to play the most.
::1. Martha想进行一项调查,显示她学校的体育学生最喜欢玩什么。

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a) List the goal of the survey.
:a) 列出调查的目标。

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The goal of the survey is to find the answer to the question: “Which sports do students at Martha’s school like to play the most?”
::调查的目的是找出答案,回答一个问题: " 玛莎学校的学生最喜欢哪一种体育? " 。

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b) What population sample should she interview?
:b) 她应询问哪些人口抽样?

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A sample of the population would include a random sample of the student population in Martha’s school. A good strategy would be to randomly select students (using dice or a random number generator) as they walk into an all-school assembly.
::抽样人口将包括玛莎学校学生的随机抽样。 一个很好的策略是随机挑选学生(使用骰子或随机数字生成器)进入全校集会。

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c) How should she administer the survey?
:c) 她应如何管理调查?

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Face-to-face interviews are a good choice in this case. Interviews will be easy to conduct since the survey consists of only one question which can be quickly answered and recorded, and asking the question face to face will help eliminate non-response bias .
::面对面的面谈是这方面的一个很好的选择。 面谈很容易进行,因为调查只有一个问题可以迅速回答和记录,面对面的面谈将有助于消除不回答的偏见。

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d) Create a data collection sheet that she can use to record her results.
:d) 编制一份数据收集表,供她用于记录其结果。

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In order to collect the data to this simple survey Martha can design a data collection sheet such as the one below:
::为了为这一简单的调查收集数据,Martha可以设计一个数据收集表,例如以下的数据收集表:

Sport	Tally
baseball
basketball
football
soccer
volleyball
swimming

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This is a good, simple data collection sheet because:
::这是一个很好、简单的数据收集工作单,因为:

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• Plenty of space is left for the tally marks.
  ::有很多空间可供计数标记使用。
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• Only one question is being asked.
  ::只有一个问题要问。
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• Many possibilities are included, but space is left at the bottom in case students give answers that Martha didn’t think of.
  ::但空间被留在底部, 以防学生回答玛莎没有想到的答案。
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• The answer from each interviewee can be quickly collected and then the data collector can move on to the next person.
  ::每个受访者的答复可以迅速收集,然后数据收集员可以转到下一个人。

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Once the data has been collected, suitable graphs can be made to display the results.
::一旦收集了数据,就可以制作适当的图表来显示结果。

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2. Raoul wants to construct a survey that shows how many hours per week the average student at his school works.
::2. 拉乌尔想进行一次调查,显示平均学生每周在学校工作多少小时。

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a) List the goal of the survey.
:a) 列出调查的目标。

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The goal of the survey is to find the answer to the question “How many hours per week do you work?”
::调查的目的是找到对“你每周工作多少小时?” 问题的答复。

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b) What population sample will he interview?
:b) 他将采访哪些人口抽样?

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Raoul suspects that older students might work more hours per week than younger students. He decides that a stratified sample of the student population would be appropriate in this case. The strata are grade levels $\begin{align*}9^{th}\end{align*}$ through $\begin{align*}12^{th}\end{align*}$ . He would need to find out what proportion of the students in his school are in each grade level, and then include the same proportions in his sample.
::拉乌尔怀疑,年龄较大的学生每周的工作时间可能比年轻学生多。 他决定,在这种情况下,对学生进行分层抽样是适当的。 各级为第九至十二年级。 他需要了解他所在学校的学生在每一年级的比例,然后在他的抽样中加入同样的比例。

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c) How would he administer the survey?
:c) 他将如何管理调查?

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Face-to-face interviews are a good choice in this case since the survey consists of two short questions which can be quickly answered and recorded.
::在这种情况下,面对面的面谈是一个很好的选择,因为调查包括两个可以迅速回答和记录的简短问题。

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d) Create a data collection sheet that Raoul can use to record his results. 
:d) 编制一份数据收集表,鲁尔可以用来记录其结果。

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In order to collect the data for this survey Raoul designed the data collection sheet shown below:
::为了为这次调查收集数据,拉乌尔设计了以下数据收集表:

Grade Level	Number of Hours Worked	Total number of students
$\begin{align*}9^{th}\end{align*}$ grade
$\begin{align*}10^{th}\end{align*}$ grade
$\begin{align*}11^{th}\end{align*}$ grade
$\begin{align*}12^{th}\end{align*}$ grade

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This data collection sheet allows Raoul to write down the actual numbers of hours worked per week by students as opposed to just collecting tally marks for several categories.
::这一数据收集表使拉乌尔能够记录学生每周实际工作小时数,而不是仅仅收集几个类别的计分数。

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Display, Analyze, and Interpret Statistical Survey Data
::显示、分析、解释统计调查数据

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In the previous section we considered two examples of surveys you might conduct in your school. The first one was designed to find the sport that students like to play the most. The second survey was designed to find out how many hours per week students worked.
::在上一节中,我们考虑了你们可能在学校进行的两个调查例子,第一个是为了找到学生最喜欢玩的运动,第二个是为了了解每周学生工作多少小时。

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For the first survey, students’ choices fit neatly into separate categories. Appropriate ways to display the data might be a pie chart or a bar graph . Let’s revisit this example.
::在第一次调查中,学生的选择完全可以分为不同的类别。 展示数据的适当方法可能是一张派图或条形图。 让我们重温一下这个例子。

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In Example A Martha interviewed 112 students and obtained the following results.
::例如,A Martha采访了112名学生,取得了以下结果。

Sport	Tally
baseball	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ |\end{align*}$$	31
basketball	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {||}\end{align*}$$	17
football	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {||||}\end{align*}$$	14
soccer	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {|||}\end{align*}$$	28
volleyball	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ {||||}\end{align*}$$	9
swimming	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ {|||}\end{align*}$$	8
gymnastics	$$\begin{align*}{|||}\end{align*}$$	3
fencing	$$\begin{align*}{||}\end{align*}$$	2
		Total: 112

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a) Make a bar graph of the results showing the percentage of students in each category. 
:a) 制作一个显示每一类别学生百分比结果的条形图。

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To make a bar graph, we list the sport categories on the $\begin{align*}x-\end{align*}$ axis and let the percentage of students be represented by the $\begin{align*}y-\end{align*}$ axis.
::为了绘制一个条形图,我们列出了x-轴上的体育类别,让y-轴代表学生的百分比。

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To find the percentage of students in each category, we divide the number of students in each category by the total number of students surveyed:
::为了发现每一类学生的百分比,我们将每一类学生的人数除以所调查的学生总数:

Sport	Percentage
baseball	$\begin{align*} \frac{31}{112}=.28= 28\%\end{align*}$
basketball	$\begin{align*} \frac{17}{112}=.15=15\% \end{align*}$
football	$\begin{align*} \frac{14}{112}=.125=12.5\%\end{align*}$
soccer	$\begin{align*} \frac{28}{112}=.25=25\%\end{align*}$
volleyball	$\begin{align*} \frac{9}{112}=.08=8\%\end{align*}$
swimming	$\begin{align*} \frac{8}{112}=.07=7\%\end{align*}$
gymnastic	$\begin{align*} \frac{3}{112}=.025=2.5\%\end{align*}$
fencing	$\begin{align*} \frac{2}{112}=.02 = 2\%\end{align*}$

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Now we can make a graph where the height of each bar represents the percentage of students in each category:
::现在我们可以绘制一个图表, 每一栏的高度代表每一类学生的百分比 :

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b. Make a pie chart of the collected information, showing the percentage of students in each category. 
::b. 绘制所收集资料的派图,显示每一类别学生的百分比。

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To make a pie chart, we find the percentage of the students in each category by dividing the number of students in each category as in part a. The central angle of each slice of the pie is found by multiplying the percentage of students in each category by 360 degrees (the total number of degrees in a circle). To draw a pie-chart by hand, you can use a protractor to measure the central angles that you find for each category.
::为了绘制一个派图,我们通过将每一类的学生人数除以A部分中每一类中的学生人数来发现每一类中学生的百分比。每个派的中央角度是通过将每一类中学生的百分比乘以360度(一个圆圈中的总学位数)来发现。要手工绘制一个派图,您可以使用一个缩放器来测量每一类中找到的中心角度。

Sport	Percentage	Central angle
baseball	$\begin{align*} \frac{31}{112}=.28=28\%\end{align*}$	$\begin{align*}.28 \times 360^{\circ} = 101^{\circ}\end{align*}$
basketball	$\begin{align*} \frac{17}{112}=.15 = 15\%\end{align*}$	$\begin{align*}.15 \times 360^{\circ} = 54^{\circ}\end{align*}$
football	$\begin{align*} \frac{14}{112}=.125 = 12.5\%\end{align*}$	$\begin{align*}.125 \times 360^{\circ} = 45^{\circ}\end{align*}$
soccer	$\begin{align*} \frac{28}{112}=.25 = 25\% \end{align*}$	$\begin{align*}.25 \times 360^{\circ} = 90^{\circ}\end{align*}$
volleyball	$\begin{align*} \frac{9}{112}=.08 = 8\%\end{align*}$	$\begin{align*}.08 \times 360^{\circ} = 29^{\circ}\end{align*}$
swimming	$\begin{align*} \frac{8}{112}=.07 = 7\% \end{align*}$	$\begin{align*}.07 \times 360^{\circ} = 25^{\circ}\end{align*}$
gymnastics	$\begin{align*} \frac{3}{112}=.025=2.5\% \end{align*}$	$\begin{align*}.025 \times 360^{\circ} = 9^{\circ}\end{align*}$
fencing	$\begin{align*} \frac{2}{112}=.02 = 2\% \end{align*}$	$\begin{align*}.02 \times 360^{\circ} = 7^{\circ}\end{align*}$

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Here is the pie-chart that represents the percentage of students in each category:
::以下是每个类别学生比例的派图:

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For the second survey, actual numerical data can be collected from each student. In this case we can display the data using a stem-and-leaf plot , a frequency table , a histogram , or a box-and-whisker plot .
::第二次调查可以从每个学生那里收集实际的数字数据。 在这种情况下,我们可以使用干叶图、频率表、直方图或纸盒和口哨图来显示数据。

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Examples
::实例

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In the second example Raoul found that that 30% of the students at his school are in $\begin{align*}9^{th}\end{align*}$ grade, 26% of the students are in the $\begin{align*}10^{th}\end{align*}$ grade, 24% of the students are in $\begin{align*}11^{th}\end{align*}$ grade and 20% of the students are in the $\begin{align*}12^{th}\end{align*}$ grade. He surveyed a total of 60 students using these proportions as a guide for the number of students he interviewed from each grade. Raoul recorded the following data:
::在第二个例子中,拉乌尔发现,他的学校有30%的学生在9年级,26%的学生在10年级,24%的学生在11年级,20%的学生在12年级。

Grade Level	Number of hours worked	Total number of students
$\begin{align*}9^{th}\end{align*}$ grade	0, 5, 4, 0, 0, 10, 5, 6, 0, 0, 2, 4, 0, 8, 0, 5, 7, 0	18
$\begin{align*}10^{th}\end{align*}$ grade	6, 10, 12, 0, 10, 15, 0, 0, 8, 5, 0, 7, 10, 12, 0, 0	16
$\begin{align*}11^{th}\end{align*}$ grade	0, 12, 15, 18, 10, 0, 0, 20, 8, 15, 10, 15, 0, 5	14
$\begin{align*}12^{th}\end{align*}$ grade	22, 15, 12, 15, 10, 0, 18, 20, 10, 0, 12, 16	12

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Example 1
::例1

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Construct a stem-and-leaf plot of the collected data
::构造所收集数据的干页图

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The ordered stem-and-leaf plot looks as follows:
::订购的干叶地图如下:

$$\begin{align*}& 0 \qquad 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 2 \ 4 \ 4 \ 5 \ 5 \ 5 \ 5 \ 5 \ 6 \ 6 \ 7 \ 7 \ 8 \ 8 \ 8\\ & 1 \qquad 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 0 \ 2 \ 2 \ 2 \ 2 \ 2 \ 5 \ 5 \ 5 \ 5 \ 5 \ 5 \ 6 \ 8 \ 8\\ & 2 \qquad 0 \ 0 \ 2\end{align*}$$

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We can easily see from the stem-and-leaf plot that the mode of the data is 0. This makes sense because many students do not work in high school.
::我们很容易从干叶图中看到数据模式是0。这有道理,因为许多学生不在高中工作。

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Example 2
::例2

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Construct a frequency table with bin size of 5. 
::构造一个5 的文件夹大小的频率表 。

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We construct the frequency table by counting how many students fit in each category.
::我们通过计算每一类学生人数来构建频率表。

Hours worked	Frequency
$\begin{align*}0 \le x < 5\end{align*}$	23
$\begin{align*}5 \le x < 10\end{align*}$	12
$\begin{align*}10 \le x < 15\end{align*}$	13
$\begin{align*}15 \le x < 20\end{align*}$	9
$\begin{align*}20 \le x < 25\end{align*}$	3

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Example 3
::例3

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Draw a histogram of the data. 
::绘制数据直方图 。

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The histogram associated with this frequency table is shown below.
::下表列出了与该频率表相关的直方图。

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Example 4
::例4

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Find the of the data and draw a box-and-whisker plot. 
::查找数据并绘制一个纸箱和口哨图。

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The five number summary is as follows:
::5个数字摘要如下:

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smallest number = 0
::最小数= 0

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largest number = 22
::最大数目=22

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Since there are 60 data points, $\begin{align*}\left ( \frac{n+1}{2} \right ) = 30.5\end{align*}$ . The is the mean of the $\begin{align*}30^{th}\end{align*}$ and the $\begin{align*}31^{st}\end{align*}$ values:
::由于有60个数据点,(n+12)=30.5。这是30和31的平均值:

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median = 6.5
::中值=6.5

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Since each half of the list has 30 values in it, then the first and third quartiles are the medians of each of the smaller lists. The first quartile is the mean of the $\begin{align*}15^{th}\end{align*}$ and $\begin{align*}16^{th}\end{align*}$ values:
::由于清单的每一半都有30个值, 那么第一和第二个四分位数是每个较小列表的中位数。 第一个四分位数是第15和第16个值的平均值 :

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first quartile = 0
::第一个四分位数=0

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The third quartile is the mean of the $\begin{align*}45^{th}\end{align*}$ and $\begin{align*}46^{th}\end{align*}$ values:
::第三四分位数是第45和46个值的平均值:

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third quartile = 12
::第三四分位=12

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The associated box-and-whisker plot is shown below.
::相关盒子和口述图示如下。

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Review 
::回顾

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1. Make a pie chart for the problem in the Guided Practice. Specifically a total of 60 students in four groups composed of: 18 ninth grade students, 16 tenth grade students, 14 eleventh grade students, and 12 twelfth grade students.
   ::具体来说,共有60名学生,分四组组成:18名九年级学生、16名十年级学生、14名十一年级学生和12名十二年级学生。
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2. Melissa conducted a survey to answer the question “What sport do high school students like to watch on TV the most?” She collected the following information on her data collection sheet.
   ::Melissa进行了一项调查,以回答“中学生最喜欢看什么体育电视?” 她收集了有关数据收集单的以下信息。

Sport	Tally
baseball	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ ||\end{align*}$$	32
basketball	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {|||}\end{align*}$$	28
football	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {||||}\end{align*}$$	24
soccer	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {|||} \end{align*}$$	18
gymnastics	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {||||} \end{align*}$$	19
figure skating	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ {|||} \end{align*}$$	8
hockey	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {|||} \end{align*}$$	18
	Total:	147

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a) Make a pie-chart of the results showing the percentage of people in each category.
:a) 制作一个显示每一类别人口百分比的派图。

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b) Make a bar-graph of the results.
:b) 绘制一份结果的条形图。

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3. Samuel conducted a survey to answer the following question: “What is the favorite kind of pie of the people living in my town?” By standing in front of his grocery store, he collected the following information on his data collection sheet:
   ::Samuel进行了一项调查,以回答下列问题:“住在我镇上的人最喜欢什么馅饼?” 他站在杂货店门前,收集了数据收集表上的下列资料:

Type of pie	Tally
apple	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ ||\end{align*}$$	37
pumpkin	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ |||\end{align*}$$	13
lemon meringue	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||} \ ||\end{align*}$$	7
chocolate mousse	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ |||\end{align*}$$	23
cherry	$$\begin{align*}||||\end{align*}$$	4
chicken pot pie	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ |\end{align*}$$	31
other	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ ||\end{align*}$$	7
	Total:	122

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a) Make a pie chart of the results showing the percentage of people in each category.
:a) 绘制一份显示每一类别人口百分比的派图。

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b) Make a bar graph of the results.
:b) 绘制结果的条形图。

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4. Myra conducted a survey of people at her school to see “In which month does a person’s birthday fall?” She collected the following information in her data collection sheet:
   ::Myra对她学校的人进行了一次调查,以了解 " 一个人的生日在哪个月? " 。 她在数据收集表中收集了以下信息:

Month	Tally
January	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {|}\end{align*}$$	16
February	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {|||}\end{align*}$$	13
March	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {||}\end{align*}$$	12
April	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {|}\end{align*}$$	11
May	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {|||}\end{align*}$$	13
June	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {||}\end{align*}$$	12
July	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ {||||}\end{align*}$$	9
August	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ {||}\end{align*}$$	7
September	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ {||||}\end{align*}$$	9
October	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ {|||}\end{align*}$$	8
November	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {|||}\end{align*}$$	13
December	$$\begin{align*} \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ {|||}\end{align*}$$	13
	Total:	136

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a) Make a pie chart of the results showing the percentage of people whose birthday falls in each month.
:a) 制作一个结果饼图,显示每个月生日的人的百分比。

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b) Make a bar graph of the results.
:b) 绘制结果的条形图。

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5. Nam-Ling conducted a survey that answers the question “Which student would you vote for in your school’s elections?” She collected the following information:
   ::Nam-Ling进行了一项调查,回答 " 你将投票支持哪个学生参加学校选举? " 的问题。 她收集了以下信息:

Candidate	$\begin{align*}9^{th}\end{align*}$ graders	$\begin{align*}10^{th}\end{align*}$ graders	$\begin{align*}11^{th}\end{align*}$ graders	$\begin{align*}12^{th}\end{align*}$ graders	Total
Susan Cho	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||}\end{align*}$$	$$\begin{align*}||\end{align*}$$	$$\begin{align*}|\end{align*}$$	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||} \ |\end{align*}$$	19
Margarita Martinez	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||} \ ||\end{align*}$$	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||}\end{align*}$$	$$\begin{align*}||||\end{align*}$$		31
Steve Coogan	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||}\end{align*}$$	$$\begin{align*}||||\end{align*}$$	$$\begin{align*}||\end{align*}$$	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||}\end{align*}$$	16
Solomon Duning	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||} \ |\end{align*}$$	$$\begin{align*}|\end{align*}$$	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ |||\end{align*}$$	$$\begin{align*}|\end{align*}$$	26
Juan Rios	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||} \ |||\end{align*}$$	$$\begin{align*}|||\end{align*}$$	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||} \end{align*}$$	$$\begin{align*}\bcancel{||||} \ \bcancel{||||} \ ||\end{align*}$$	28
Total	36	30	30	24	120

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a) Make a pie chart of the results showing the percentage of people planning to vote for each candidate.
:a) 绘制一张选举结果的派图,显示计划投票选举每个候选人的人的百分比。

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b) Make a bar graph of the results.
:b) 绘制结果的条形图。

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6. Graham conducted a survey to find how many hours of TV teenagers watch each week in the United States. He collaborated with three friends that lived in different parts of the US and found the following information:
   ::Graham进行了一项调查,以寻找美国每周有多少小时的电视青少年观看。 他与居住在美国不同地区的三个朋友合作,并发现了以下信息:

Part of the country	Number of hours of TV watched per week	Total number of teens
West Coast	10, 12, 8, 20, 6, 0, 15, 18, 12, 22, 9, 5, 16, 12, 10, 18, 10, 20, 24, 8	20
Mid West	20, 12, 24, 10, 8, 26, 34, 15, 18, 6, 22, 16, 10, 20, 15, 25, 32, 12, 18, 22	20
New England	16, 9, 12, 0, 6, 10, 15, 24, 20, 30, 15, 10, 12, 8, 28, 32, 24, 12, 10, 10	20
South	24, 22, 12, 32, 30, 20, 25, 15, 10, 14, 10, 12, 24, 28, 32, 38, 20, 25, 15, 12	20

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a) Make a stem-and-leaf plot of the data.
:a) 绘制数据干叶图。

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b) Decide on an appropriate bin size and construct a frequency table.
:b) 就适当的垃圾箱尺寸作出决定,并建立一个频率表。

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c) Make a histogram of the results.
:c) 得出结果的直图。

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d) Find the five-number summary of the data and construct a box-and-whisker plot.
:d) 找出数据五号摘要,并构建一个盒子和口哨图。

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In exercises 7-10, consider the following survey questions.
::在7-10演习中,考虑以下调查问题。

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7. “What do students in your high-school like to spend their money on?”
   播放段落
   1. Which categories would you include on your data collection sheet?
      ::您在数据收集表中会包括哪些类别 ?
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   2. Design the data collection sheet that can be used to collect this information.
      ::设计可用于收集这一信息的数据收集表。
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   3. Conduct the survey. This activity is best done as a group with each person contributing at least 20 results.
      ::进行调查:这一活动最好作为一个小组进行,每个人至少贡献20个结果。
   播放段落
   4. Make a pie chart of the results showing the percentage of people in each category.
      ::绘制一个显示每一类别人口百分比的派图。
   播放段落
   5. Make a bar graph of the results.
      ::绘制结果的条形图 。
   
   ::“你的高中学生喜欢用什么钱?” 你会在数据收集表中包括哪些类别?设计可用于收集这些信息的数据收集表。进行调查。这一活动最好作为一个小组进行,每个人至少贡献20个结果。制作一个显示每个类别中人口百分比的派图。绘制一个结果的条形图。
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8. “What is the height of students in your class?”
   播放段落
   1. Design the data collection sheet that can be used to collect this information.
      ::设计可用于收集这一信息的数据收集表。
   播放段落
   2. Conduct the survey. This activity is best done as a group with each person contributing at least 20 results.
      ::进行调查:这一活动最好作为一个小组进行,每个人至少贡献20个结果。
   播放段落
   3. Make a stem-and-leaf plot of the data.
      ::做一个数据干叶图。
   播放段落
   4. Decide on an appropriate bin size and construct a frequency table.
      ::决定一个适当的文件夹大小, 并构建一个频率表 。
   播放段落
   5. Make a histogram of the results.
      ::绘制结果的直方图。
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   6. Find the five-number summary of the data and construct a box-and-whisker plot.
      ::查找数据五号摘要, 并构建一个盒子和密码图 。
   
   ::“班级学生的身高是多少?” 设计可用于收集这些信息的数据收集表。 开展调查。 最好将这项活动作为一个小组来完成, 每个人至少贡献20个结果。 绘制一个数据干页图。 决定一个合适的文件夹大小, 并构建一个频率表。 绘制一个结果的直方图。 查找数据中的5个数字摘要, 并构建一个盒子和断层图 。
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9. “How much allowance money do students in your school get per week?”
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   1. Design the data collection sheet that can be used to collect this information,
      ::设计可用于收集这一信息的数据收集表,
   播放段落
   2. Conduct the survey. This activity is best done as a group with each person contributing at least 20 results.
      ::进行调查:这一活动最好作为一个小组进行,每个人至少贡献20个结果。
   播放段落
   3. Make a stem-and-leaf plot of the data.
      ::做一个数据干叶图。
   播放段落
   4. Decide on an appropriate bin size and construct a frequency table.
      ::决定一个适当的文件夹大小, 并构建一个频率表 。
   播放段落
   5. Make a histogram of the results.
      ::绘制结果的直方图。
   播放段落
   6. Find the five-number summary of the data and construct a box-and-whisker plot.
      ::查找数据五号摘要, 并构建一个盒子和密码图 。
   
   ::“学校学生每周领取多少津贴?” 设计可用于收集这些信息的数据收集表,进行调查。这一活动最好由一个小组来完成,每个人至少贡献20个结果。绘制数据干页图。决定一个适当的文件夹大小,并构建一个频率表。对结果进行直线图。查找数据5个数字汇总,并构建一个盒子和口述图。
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10. “What time do students in your school get up in the morning during the school week?”
    播放段落
    1. Design the data collection sheet that can be used to collect this information.
       ::设计可用于收集这一信息的数据收集表。
    播放段落
    2. Conduct the survey. This activity is best done as a group with each person contributing at least 20 results.
       ::进行调查:这一活动最好作为一个小组进行,每个人至少贡献20个结果。
    播放段落
    3. Make a stem-and-leaf plot of the data.
       ::做一个数据干叶图。
    播放段落
    4. Decide on an appropriate bin size and construct a frequency table.
       ::决定一个适当的文件夹大小, 并构建一个频率表 。
    播放段落
    5. Make a histogram of the results.
       ::绘制结果的直方图。
    播放段落
    6. Find the five-number summary of the data and construct a box-and-whisker plot.
       ::查找数据五号摘要, 并构建一个盒子和密码图 。
    
    ::“学校学生在上课周的上午什么时候起床?” 设计可用于收集这些信息的数据收集表。 开展调查。 最好将活动作为一个小组进行, 每个人至少贡献20个结果。 绘制数据干片。 决定一个合适的文件夹大小, 并构建一个频率表。 绘制一个结果的直线图。 查找数据5个数字摘要, 并构建一个盒子和口述图 。

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Review (Answers)
::回顾(答复)

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Click to see the answer key or go to the Table of Contents and click on the Answer Key under the 'Other Versions' option.
::单击可查看答题键, 或转到目录中, 单击“ 其他版本” 选项下的答题键 。