章节大纲

  • A pond with green algae covering the water's surface, surrounded by trees and foliage.

    What is pond scum?
    ::什么是池塘人渣?

    Polluted water can form a frothy green scum on the surface. This "pond scum" is actually a living organism , algae. The algae are plant-like protists . Usually the algae are too small to notice, but sometimes algae grow in excess because of the excess nutrients in polluted water.
    ::污染水可以在表面形成腐烂的绿色败类。这个“小人渣”其实是一种活生物体,藻类。藻类与植物相似。藻类通常太小,无法引起注意,但有时藻类会因污染水中过多的养分而增加。

    Plant-like Protists
    ::类似植物的原生者

    Plant-like protists are known as algae ( Figure ). They are a large and diverse group. Plant-like protists are autotrophs . This means that they produce their own food. They perform to produce sugar by using carbon dioxide and water, and the energy from sunlight, just like plants. Unlike plants, however, plant-like protists do not have true stems , roots , or leaves.
    ::植物相似的原生者被称为藻类(图 ) 。 它们是一个大而多样的群体。 植物相似的原生者是自发的。 这意味着他们生产自己的食物。 他们通过使用二氧化碳和水生产糖,利用阳光产生的能量,就像植物一样。 但是,植物相似的原生者没有真正的根、根或叶。

    Red algae growing underwater, showcasing its branched, leafy structure in marine habitat.

    Red algae are a very large group of protists making up about 5,000–6,000 species. They are mostly multicellular and live in the ocean. Many red algae are seaweeds and help create coral reefs.
    ::红藻类是一个非常庞大的原生生物群,由大约5 000到6 000种物种组成。 它们大多为多细胞类,生活在海洋中。 许多红藻类是海藻,有助于形成珊瑚礁。

    Most plant-like protists live in oceans, ponds, or lakes. Protists can be unicellular (single-celled) or multicellular (many-celled). Seaweed and kelp are examples of multicellular, plant-like protists. Kelp can be as large as trees and form a "forest" in the ocean ( Figure ).
    ::大多数植物相似的原生者生活在海洋、池塘或湖泊中。 原生者可以是单卵类(单细胞)或多细胞类(多细胞类 ) 。 海藻和海藻是多细胞类植物类原生者的例子。 海藻和海藻可以像树一样大,在海洋中形成“森林 ” ( 图 ) 。

    Underwater view of giant kelp creating a forest-like habitat in the ocean.

    Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp) is a type of multicellular, plant-like protist.
    ::巨型藻类是一种多细胞、类似植物的原生物体。

    Plant-like protists are essential to the . They are the base of the marine , and they produce oxygen through photosynthesis for animals to breathe. They are classified into a number of basic groups ( Table ).
    ::植物类原生生物对海洋至关重要。它们是海洋的基地,它们通过光合作用产生供动物呼吸的氧气。它们被分为若干基本组(表)。

    Phylum Description Approximate Number of Species Examples
    Chlorophyta Green algae (related to higher plants) 7,500 Chlamydomnas, Ulva, Volvox
    Rhodophyta Red algae 5,000 Porphyra
    Phaeophyta Brown algae 1,500 Macrocystis
    Chrysophyta Diatoms , golden-brown algae, yellow-green algae 12,000 Cyclotella
    Pyrrophyta Dinoflagellates 4,000 Gonyaulax
    Euglenophyta Euglenoids 1,000 Euglena

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Plant-like protists are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food.
      ::像植物一样的原生者是自发的, 意思是他们自己做食物。
    • Plant-like protists include algae, kelp, and seaweed.
      ::植物类原生生物包括藻类、海藻和海藻。

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resources below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    Explore More I
    ::探索更多

    • Plant Protists at (4:03)
      :伤心4:03时)植物原生植物学家
    1. How much of the total photosynthesis on the globe is carried out by phytoplankton? What does this mean for aquatic ecosystems?
      ::全球光合作用总量中有多少是由浮游植物进行的?这对水生生态系统意味着什么?
    2. How are the flagella of dinoflagellates arranged?
      ::Dinoflagellates的旗子是如何安排的?
    3. What organisms have dinoflagellates as symbiotes? Why are dinoflagellates important to these organisms?
      ::哪些生物体是共生生物? 为何双生生物体对这些生物体很重要?
    4. How do bivalves respond to red tides? What does this mean for humans?
      ::两伏人如何应对红潮?这对人意味着什么?

    Explore More II
    ::探索更多情况二

    • Red Tides at NOAA: .
      ::诺阿的红洞: .
    1. What is a red tide?
      ::什么是红潮?
    2. Are all algal blooms harmful? Explain your answer.
      ::所有藻华都有害吗?
    3. How can some algae be harmful?
      ::一些藻类怎么会有害?

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. How are some protists similar to plants?
      ::一些原生者和植物有什么相似之处?
    2. How are plant-like protists different from plants?
      ::像植物一样的原生者 与植物有什么不同?
    3. What are some examples of multicellular plant-like protists?
      ::多细胞植物类原生者的一些例子是什么?
    4. How are plant-like protists essential to their ecosystem?
      ::象植物一样的原生主义者如何对其生态系统至关重要?