青蛙和青蛙

Frog or toad ?
 ::青蛙还是蟾蜍 ?

Although there is actually little difference between toads and frogs, this would most often be called a toad. Frogs have moist skin, while toads have dry, bumpy skin.
::虽然青蛙和蟾蜍之间实际上差别不大,但这通常被称为青蛙。 青蛙有潮湿的皮肤,而蟾蜍则有干燥的、崎岖的皮肤。

Frogs and Toads
 ::青蛙和蟾蜍

Frogs and toads are in the order Anura. In terms of , there is actually not a big difference between frogs and toads. Frogs often have long legs that are good for hopping, skin that is smooth and moist, and special pads on their toes that help them climb. Toads are more heavyset with shorter legs, and usually have drier skin, often with warty-looking bumps. Frogs are more likely to live in or near than toads.
 ::青蛙和蟾蜍按顺序排列。实际上青蛙和蟾蜍之间没有很大区别。 青蛙通常长腿可以跳远,皮肤光滑、潮湿,脚趾上也有特殊的垫子可以帮助他们攀爬。 蟾蜍的腿更重,腿更短,皮肤更干燥。 青蛙更有可能生活在或靠近蟾蜍的地方。

Frogs are found in many areas of the world, from the tropics to subarctic regions, but most are found in rainforests. Consisting of more than 5,000 species (about 88% of amphibian species are frogs), they are among the most diverse groups of vertebrates . Frogs range in size from less than 0.5 inches in species in Brazil and Cuba to the over 1-foot (33 cm) long goliath frog of Cameroon, which can weigh up to 7 pounds. That is 1-foot from the nose to the back of the body, not including the length of the legs. Even the largest frogs are significantly smaller than common .
::从热带到亚北极地区,世界上许多地区都发现了青蛙,但大多数地区都在雨林中。 5 000多种物种(大约88%的两栖物种为青蛙)是脊椎动物中最多样化的一组。 巴西和古巴的青蛙面积小于0.5英寸,到喀麦隆的1英尺长(33厘米)长的歌利亚青蛙不等,可重达7磅。从鼻子到身体背部的青蛙为1英尺,不包括腿长。甚至最大的青蛙也比常见的要小得多。

Characteristics of Frogs
::青蛙的特点

Adult frogs are characterized by long hind legs, a short body, webbed finger-like parts, and the lack of a tail. They also have a three-chambered heart, as do all tetrapods except and mammals . Most frogs live part of the time in water and part of the time on land. They move easily on land by jumping or climbing. To become great jumpers, frogs evolved long hind legs and long ankle . They also have a short backbone with only ten vertebrae . Frog and toad skin hangs loosely on the body, and skin texture can be smooth, warty, or folded.
::成年青蛙的特征是长的后腿、短的体形、像网床的手指一样的部位和缺乏尾巴。它们也有三分形的心脏,除哺乳动物和哺乳动物外,其他四肢也有三分形的心脏。大多数青蛙部分时间生活在水中,部分时间在陆地上。它们通过跳跃或攀登很容易在陆地上移动。要成为大的跳跃者,青蛙长的后腿和长的脚踝会进化。它们还有短的脊椎,只有10个脊椎。青蛙和小毛皮肤在身体上挂得很松,皮肤纹质可以滑动、打斗或折叠。

Frogs and toads don’t have fur, feathers , or scales on their skin. Instead, they have a moist and permeable skin layer covered with mucous glands. Their special skin allows them to breathe through their skin in addition to using their lungs . They are vulnerable to water loss through the skin in dry conditions, which is why they need to live near water or in moist environments. The thin layer of mucous keeps the skin moist.
::青蛙和蟾蜍的皮肤上没有毛皮、羽毛或称号。 相反,它们有一个湿润和渗透的皮肤层,覆盖着粘膜腺。 它们的特殊的皮肤允许它们通过皮肤呼吸,除了使用肺部之外,还允许它们呼吸。 它们很容易在干燥条件下通过皮肤流失水,这就是为什么它们需要生活在水附近或潮湿的环境中。 薄薄的粘膜使皮肤湿润。

In order to live on land and in water, frogs have three eyelid membranes: one is see-through to protect the underwater, and the two other ones let them see on land. Frogs also have a tympanum , which acts like a simple ear. They are found on each side of the head. In some species, the tympanum is covered by skin.
::为了在陆地上和水中生活,青蛙有三个眼皮膜:一个是用来保护水下,另外两个是让他们在陆地上看到。青蛙还有一只像一只小耳朵一样的大猩猩,头部的两侧都发现了。在有些物种中,大猩猩被皮肤覆盖了。

How do Frogs Reproduce?
::青蛙怎么繁殖?

Frogs typically lay their eggs in puddles, ponds, or lakes. Their larvae , or tadpoles , have gills , a tail, but no legs, and need to live in water. If fact, they are quite similar to a . Tadpoles develop into adult frogs in water ( Figure ). During this transformation, they develop lungs, lose their tails and form their four legs.
::青蛙通常在水坑、池塘或湖泊中产卵。它们的幼虫或有刺、尾、但没有腿、需要生活在水中。如果事实上,它们与水非常相似。在水中,塔波形成成年青蛙(图 ) 。 在这种转变中,它们会发展肺,失去尾巴,形成四条腿。

You may hear males "ribbiting," producing a mating call used to attract females to the bodies of water best for mating and breeding. Frog calls can occur during the day or night. Each frog species has a different call that is used to attract mates and warn off rivals. When a female picks a male whose call she likes, the male grabs her and squeezes across her back and around her abdomen. This causes the female to release her eggs. The male then fertilizes the eggs and, in some species, also guards them.
::你可能听到雄性“断腿”的声音, 产生一个交配电话, 用来吸引雌性动物到最适合交配和繁殖的水中。 青蛙的召唤可以在白天或夜间发生。 每个青蛙种都有不同的召唤, 用来吸引伴侣和警告对手。 当雌性选择一个她喜欢的雄性时, 雄性会抓住她, 挤压她的背部和腹部周围。 这导致雌性释放她的卵。 然后雄性会施肥卵, 在某些物种中, 也保护它们。

How Do Frogs Eat?
::青蛙怎么吃?

Adult frogs are meat-eaters and eat mostly , spiders, slugs and worms. Larger species will eat mice, birds, and even other small reptiles and amphibians. Frogs do not have teeth on their lower jaw, so they usually swallow their food whole. Some frogs have teeth on the upper jaw that are used to hold the prey in place.
::成年青蛙是食肉动物,大吃大吃大吃,有蜘蛛、小虫和虫。 更大的物种将食用小鼠、鸟类,甚至其他小爬行动物和两栖动物。 青蛙的下巴没有牙齿,因此通常吞噬整个食物。 一些青蛙的上巴上有牙齿,用来将猎物固定在原处。

Frogs and toads are responsible for keeping a large part of the world's insect under control. They catch these insects using their long tongue. The frog tongue is about a third the length of the frog's body, though they can grow even longer. They can easily reach 12 inches long in an adult frog. Frog’s tongues are attached to the front of their mouths rather than at the back like humans. They release a sticky substance at the precise moment of impact with their food. When a frog catches an insect it throws its sticky tongue out of it’s mouth and wraps it around its prey. The frog’s tongue then snaps back and throws the food down its throat. This happens about as fast as a blink of your eyes. 
::青蛙和青蛙对控制世界上大部分昆虫负有责任,它们用长舌捕捉这些昆虫。青蛙舌头大约是青蛙身体长度的三分之一,尽管它们长得更长。它们很容易在成年青蛙中长到12英寸。青蛙舌头附在嘴前,而不是像人类一样附在背上。它们用食物在撞击的确切时刻释放了粘粘性物质。当青蛙捕到一只昆虫时,它从嘴里吐出粘粘粘的舌头,把它包在猎物周围。青蛙的舌头随后反弹,把食物扔到喉咙里。这种情况发生得和眼睛眨眼一样快。

Summary
::摘要

• Frogs are characterized by long hind legs, webbed finger-like parts, a tympanum, and the lack of a tail.
  ::青蛙的特征是后腿长、指形部位有网状网状、大屁股和尾巴缺乏。

• A frog's "ribbit" is a mating call used to attract females.
  ::青蛙的"肋骨"是用来吸引雌蛙的交配电话

Explore More
::探索更多

Use the video below to answer the questions that follow.
::使用下面的视频回答下面的问题。

1. Where do Rain Frogs spend most of their time?
   ::雨蛙大部分时间都花在哪里?

1. How does the Rain Frog mate?
   ::雨蛙队怎么样?

1. Why is "glue" used in Rain Frog mating? What problems can this cause?
   ::为什么在雨蛙交配中使用“胶水”?

1. Why do Rain Frogs make their nurseries?
   ::为什么雨蛙做他们的苗圃?

1. How is the Rain Frog's behavior adaptive to its environment.
   ::雨蛙的行为如何适应环境

Review
::回顾

1. Distinguish between frogs and toads.
   ::区分青蛙和青蛙

1. What are three characteristics of frogs?
   ::青蛙的三个特征是什么?

1. What allowed frogs to become effective jumpers?
   ::是什么让青蛙成为有效的跳跃者?

1. Why do frogs "ribbit"?
   ::为什么青蛙是""?

1. Describe the frog tadpole and the changes it undergoes.
   ::描述青蛙的青蛙和它所经历的变化。