科学通信
章节大纲
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Did you ever participate in a science fair? If you did, then you probably made a poster outlining what you did for your project and how your project turned out. Scientists often share their research in the same way. The picture above shows a poster session at a scientific conference. Posters are a quick and graphic way to communicate about research.
::你曾经参加过科学博览会吗?如果你参加过,那么你可能会做一个海报,说明你为你的项目做了些什么,以及你的项目是如何完成的。科学家们通常以同样的方式分享他们的研究成果。上面的图片展示了科学会议上的海报会议。海报是快速和生动地交流研究信息的一种方式。Importance of Communication in Science
::通信在科学中的重要性The last step of most scientific investigations is reporting the results. When scientists communicate their findings, they add to the body of scientific knowledge, and that’s how science advances. Science generally builds on previous knowledge, sometimes advancing in giant steps but more often in baby steps. The brick building analogy in the Figure may help you better understand why communication is important in science.
::多数科学调查的最后一步是报告结果。 当科学家们交流其发现时,他们就会增加科学知识,而这正是科学进步的方式。 科学通常建立在以往知识的基础上,有时以巨大的步骤前进,但更经常地以婴儿步骤前进。 图中的砖块类比可能有助于你更好地了解为什么通信在科学中很重要。You can think of scientific knowledge as a brick building, and the work of a single scientist as an individual brick. Considered by itself, the work of a single scientist may not seem that important, yet it may be an important piece of the overall structure. But unless a scientist communicates research results, that single brick may never be added to the building. When scientists communicate about their research, they may also get useful feedback from other scientists. For example, comments from other scientists might help them improve their research design or interpret their findings in a different way. Other scientists can also repeat the research to see if they get the same results.
::当科学家交流他们的研究信息时,他们也可以从其他科学家那里得到有用的反馈。 比如,其他科学家的意见可以帮助他们改进他们的研究设计,或者用不同的方式解释他们的研究成果。 其他科学家也可以重复研究,看看他们是否获得同样的结果。Q: Why might it be important for other scientists to repeat an investigation?
::问:为什么其他科学家必须重复调查?A: If an investigation is repeated and different results are obtained, then it throws doubt on the original research. On the other hand, if the same results are obtained, scientists can place more confidence in them.
::甲:如果重复调查并获得不同的结果,那么它就会对原始研究产生怀疑。 另一方面,如果同样的结果获得,科学家们可以更加信任这些结果。How Scientists Communicate
::科学家如何交流交流The posters shown in the opening image are just one of several ways that scientists may communicate about their research. Some of the most common ways scientists communicate are listed below.
::在开张图像中显示的海报只是科学家可以就其研究进行交流的几种方式之一。 下面列出了科学家交流的一些最常见的方式。-
Scientists may present papers about their research at scientific conferences. This is a good way to quickly reach an audience of other scientists who are most interested in the research topic.
::科学家可以在科学会议上介绍他们的研究论文,这是迅速接触对研究专题最感兴趣的其他科学家的好办法。 -
Scientists may publish articles about their research in peer-reviewed science journals. Peer review means that the work is analyzed by peers, in other words, by other scientists. The articles are published only if the other scientists are convinced that the research is accurate and honest.
::科学家可以在同行评审的科学期刊上发表有关其研究的文章。 同行评审意味着工作由同行来分析,换句话说,由其他科学家来分析。 文章只有在其他科学家确信研究是准确和诚实的时才发表。 -
Scientists may testify about their research before congress if their findings relate to matters of public policy, such as environmental pollution.
::如果科学家的调查结果涉及诸如环境污染等公共政策事项,他们可在国会作证。 -
Scientists may communicate about their research to the general public. For example, they might create a Web site about their research, blog about it, or write articles for newspapers or magazines.
::科学家们可以向公众宣传他们的研究。 比如,他们可以创建一个有关他们的研究的网站,建立有关研究的博客,或者为报纸或杂志撰写文章。
Q: Why might it be important for scientists to communicate about their research to the general public? Give an example.
::问题:为什么科学家必须向公众宣传他们的研究?举一个例子。A: Communicating to the general public might be important if the research is directly related to people’s lives. For example, assume that a scientist has investigated how driving habits are related to car crashes. She might write a newspaper article to share the research results with the public so they can adopt driving habits that reduce the risk of crashes.
::问题:如果研究与人们的生活直接相关,那么向公众进行沟通可能是很重要的。 比如,假设科学家已经调查了驾驶习惯与车祸的关系。 她可能写一篇报纸文章,向公众介绍研究成果,以便他们采取减少车祸风险的驾驶习惯。Summary
::摘要-
The last step of most scientific investigations is communicating the results of the research. When scientists share their findings, they add to the body of scientific knowledge. They may also get useful feedback from other scientists.
::大部分科学研究的最后一步是通报研究成果。 当科学家分享研究结果时,他们就会增加科学知识。 他们也可能从其他科学家那里得到有用的反馈。 -
Scientists may communicate about their research in several ways, such as presenting posters or papers at scientific conferences and publishing articles in scientific journals.
::科学家可以几种方式交流其研究情况,例如在科学会议上张贴海报或论文,在科学期刊上发表文章。
Review
::回顾-
Why is communication important in science?
::为什么通信在科学中很重要? -
Identify three different ways that scientists may communicate about their research.
::确定科学家就其研究进行交流的三种不同方式。 -
The graph below shows the results of a scientific investigation. Researchers measured the amount of force (in pounds) needed to penetrate hardwoods of different species. How would you communicate the results of the investigation in words?
::下图显示了科学调查的结果。研究人员测量了渗透不同物种硬木所需的强度(磅 ) 。 您将如何用语言表达调查结果 ?
Explore More
::探索更多Watch this video about scientific communication, and then answer the questions below.
::观看这段关于科学交流的视频, 然后回答下面的问题。-
Why do some scientists have difficulty communicating about their research to nonscientists?
::为什么有些科学家很难向非科学家宣传他们的研究? -
What is the role of science writers in scientific communication?
::科学作家在科学交流中的作用是什么?
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Scientists may present papers about their research at scientific conferences. This is a good way to quickly reach an audience of other scientists who are most interested in the research topic.
