查尔斯法

In the 1700s and 1800s, hot air balloons were very popular. Why wouldn’t they be? Riding in a hot air balloon allowed people to travel through the air and get a bird’s eye view of the landscape at a time when airplanes did not yet exist. Do you know why hot air can inflate a balloon? Read on to find out.
::在1700年代和1800年代,热气球非常受欢迎。 热气球为什么不是呢?坐热气球让人们在空中旅行,在飞机尚不存在的时候对风景进行鸟眼观察。 你知道热空气为什么能充斥气球吗?继续阅读以了解。

Up, Up, and Away
::起来,起来,离开

The popularity of hot air balloons got scientists thinking about and what happens to them when they up. In the early 1800s, two French scientists—Jacques Charles and Joseph Gay-Lussac—decided to investigate how changes in the of a gas affect the amount of space it takes up, or its volume . They heated air and measured how its volume changed. The two scientists already knew that the pressure of a gas affects it volume. This had been demonstrated back in the 1660s by the English scientist Robert Boyle. So Charles and Gay-Lussac controlled the effects of pressure by keeping it constant in their .
::热气球的流行让科学家们想到热气球的流行,当热气球上升时会怎样发生。 1800年代初期,两位法国科学家Jacques Charles和Joseph Gay-Lussac决定调查气体的变化如何影响气体的吸收空间或体积。他们加热空气并测量其体积的变化。两位科学家已经知道气体的压力会影响气体的体积。英国科学家Robert Boyle在1660年代就证明了这一点。因此Charles和Gay-Lussac通过保持压力不变控制了压力的影响。

Based on the results of the research, Charles developed a about gases. It is one of three well-known gas laws, the others being Boyle’s law and Amontons’ law . According to Charles’s law , when the pressure of a gas is held constant, increasing its temperature increases its volume. The opposite is also true: decreasing the temperature of a gas decreases it volume.
::根据研究结果,查尔斯开发了一种气体法。 这是三种著名的天然气法之一,其他的则是博伊勒法和阿蒙顿法。 根据查尔斯法,当气体压力保持不变时,增加其温度会增加其体积。 恰恰相反:降低气体温度会降低其体积。

Summary
::摘要

播放段落
• According to Charles’ law, when the pressure of a gas is held constant, increasing its temperature increases its volume.
  ::根据查尔斯的法律,当气体的压力保持不变时,温度的升高会增加气体的体积。
播放段落
• Heating a gas gives its particles more energy so they move faster. If the speedy particles have room to spread out, the volume of the gas will increase.
  ::气体加热会增加粒子的能量,从而加速移动。 如果快速粒子有扩散的空间,气体的体积就会增加。

Resources
::资源

Review
::回顾

播放段落
1. State how increasing the temperature of a gas changes its volume, assuming pressure is held constant.
   ::假设压力保持不变,说明气体温度的升高如何改变其体积。
播放段落
2. With the help of his dad, a boy in the Figure blew up a bunch of balloons outside on a hot, sunny day. The outdoor temperature was 26°C. Then the boy took the balloons inside his air-conditioned house, where the temperature was 20°C. What do you think happened to the balloons after they had been inside the cool house for a while? Explain.
   ::在他父亲的帮助下,一位在数字中的男孩在炎热、阳光明媚的一天炸毁了外面的一堆气球,户外温度为26摄氏度。然后,男孩把气球带到他的空调房里,那里的温度为20摄氏度。你觉得气球在进入冷却房一段时间后发生了什么?解释一下。