章节大纲

    • State Amontons’ law.
      ::Amonton州法律。
    • Explain why the pressure of a fixed volume of increases as the gas heats up.
      ::解释为什么气体加热时 固定增加量的压力会上升

    Individual checking tire pressure with a gauge on a grass surface.

    Lawrence checked the air pressure in one of his tires before driving to school on a cold winter day. The tire pressure gauge registered 32 pounds of force per square inch. After making the 10-mile trip to school, Lawrence checked the air pressure again. This time the gauge registered 34 pounds of force per square inch. Lawrence didn’t add any air to the tire in between the two measurements, so why did air pressure in the tire increase?
    ::劳伦斯检查了他的轮胎之一的气压,然后在寒冷的冬天开车上学。 轮胎压力表记录了每平方英寸32磅的火力。 劳伦斯在10英里的学校旅行后再次检查了气压。 这次测量表记录了每平方英寸34磅的火力。 劳伦斯在两次测量之间没有给轮胎添加任何空气,为什么轮胎的气压增加?

    Keep on Rolling
    ::继续滚

    There was no additional air in the tire the second time Lawrence checked the air pressure, but something did change between the two measurements. The tires had rolled over 10 miles of road on the trip to school. Any time one surface moves over another, it causes . is a force that opposes the motion of two surfaces that are touching, and friction between two surfaces always generates . Quickly rub your hands together and you’ll feel the generated by the friction between them. As the tires moved over the road, friction between the tires and road generated heat. In short, the tires got warmer and so did the air inside them.
    ::劳伦斯第二次检查气压时轮胎里没有额外的空气,但两种测量方法之间确实发生了某种变化。 轮胎在上学的路上翻转了10英里以上的道路。 每当一个表面跨过另一个表面时,它就会造成. 这是一种反对两个表面运动的力量, 两个表面之间的摩擦总是产生。 快速地抚摸你的手,你会感觉到它们之间的摩擦。 随着轮胎在路上移动,轮胎和道路之间的摩擦产生了热力。 简言之,轮胎会变暖,其中的空气也会变暖。

    It’s the Law!
    ::这是法律!

    The space inside a car tire is more-or-less fixed, so it has a constant volume . What happens when the volume of air is constant and its increases? Lawrence found out the answer to that question when he measured the air pressure in his tire. Increasing the of a such as air, while holding its volume constant, increases the pressure of the . This relationship between temperature and pressure of a gas is called Amontons' law . It was first proposed by a French scientist named Guillaume Amontons in the late 1600s. Amontons’ law is just one of three commonly known gas laws. The other two are Boyle’s law and Charles’ law.
    ::汽车轮胎内的空间是固定或固定的,因此其体积不变。当空气量不变且增加时会发生什么情况?劳伦斯在测量轮胎中的空气压力时发现了这个问题的答案。增加空气等气压,同时保持其体积不变,增加压力。气体的温度和压力之间的关系被称为Amontons法。这是由一位名叫Guillaume Amontons的法国科学家在1600年代末期首次提出的。Amontons法只是众所周知的三种气体法中的一个。另外两种是博伊勒法和查尔斯法。

    Q: How does Amontons' gas law explain the difference in air pressure in Lawrence’s tire?
    ::问:Amontons天然气法如何解释劳伦斯轮胎气压差异?

    A: The tire—and the air inside it—got warmer because of with the road. The volume of air inside the tire was more-or-less constant, so the pressure of the air increased when it got warmer.
    ::A:轮胎和车内空气因道路而变暖。 轮胎内空气量多或少是恒定不变的,因此空气压力在变暖时会增加。

    Particle Pressure
    ::粒子压力

    Why does the pressure of a gas increase as it gets warmer? Particles of a gas are constantly moving and bumping into things. The force of the collisions is measured by pressure. Pressure is the amount of force exerted on a given area, such as pounds of force per square inch. When gas particles up and gain , they move faster. This causes more collisions and greater pressure. Therefore, heating particles of gas in a closed space causes the pressure of the gas to increase.
    ::为什么气体压力会随着气体变暖而增加?气体的粒子会不断移动和撞入东西。碰撞的强度是用压力测量的。压力是特定区域施加的强度,例如每平方英寸的重量。当气体粒子上升和增加时,它们移动得更快。这造成更多的碰撞和更大的压力。因此,在封闭空间加热气体颗粒会增加气体的压力。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • According to Amontons’ law, increasing the of a gas while holding its volume constant increases the pressure of the gas.
      ::根据Amontons的法律, 增加气体数量的同时保持其数量不变会增加气体的压力。
    • When gas particles up and gain , they move faster. This increases their collisions with each other and their container, causing greater pressure.
      ::当气体粒子上升和增加时,它们移动得更快。这增加了它们彼此和容器的碰撞,造成更大的压力。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. State Amontons’ law.
      ::Amonton州法律。
    2. Assume you have a sealed jug that contains only air. If you heat the air in the jug, it will have a higher . What other property of the air will also change?
      ::假设你有一个密封的罐子,里面只有空气。如果你在罐子中加热空气,它会更高。空气的其他属性也会改变吗?
    3. A father does a classic for his son, which is pictured in the Figure . First, he put a small piece of paper in a glass bottle and lit the paper with a match. He immediately placed a shelled, hard-boiled egg over the bottle opening. The paper soon burned out, and after a few seconds, the egg slipped inside the bottle. Apply Amontons’ law to explain why.
      ::父亲为儿子做了一个经典的经典作品,图中就描绘了这一点。 首先,他把一张小纸放在一个玻璃瓶里,用火柴点燃了纸。 他立即在瓶子开口上放上一个被炮击的硬锅鸡蛋。 纸很快被烧掉,几秒钟后,鸡蛋就滑入瓶子里了。 应用Amontons的法律解释原因。

    A father and son conduct a science experiment with a burning paper and an egg.

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Watch the following simple demonstration, and then answer the questions below.
    ::观看以下简单的演示,然后回答下面的问题。

    1. When is the air pressure greatest inside the bottle or jar? Why?
      ::瓶子或罐子里的气压什么时候最大?
    2. How is the volume of air kept constant in the bottle or jar?
      ::瓶子或罐子中的空气量如何保持不变?
    3. At what point(s) is the air pressure the lowest in the bottle or jar?
      ::气压在瓶子或罐子中的最低点是什么时候?
    4. Is the egg or balloon being pushed or pulled into the bottle or jar? What is creating this force?
      ::鸡蛋或气球是被推到瓶子还是罐子里吗?