热热能

This unusual landscape is found in the hottest place in the U.S.: Death Valley, California. The of the air near the ground can be as high as 57 °C (134 °F)—and that’s in the shade (if you can find any)! The temperature of the sand in the baking sun can be much higher. If you were to walk barefoot on the hot sand, it would burn your feet. The air and sand in Death Valley have a lot of thermal energy.
::这种不寻常的风景出现在美国最热的地方:加利福尼亚州死亡谷。地面附近的空气可能高达57°C(134°F ) , 也就是阴暗(如果你能找到的话 ) ! 烘烤日晒中的沙的温度可能更高。 如果你赤脚走在热沙上,它就会烧伤你的脚。 死亡谷的空气和沙子有着大量的热能。

What Is Thermal Energy?
::什么是热能?

Why do the air and sand of Death Valley feel so hot? It’s because their particles are moving very rapidly. Anything that is moving has , and the faster it is moving, the more kinetic energy it has. The total kinetic energy of moving particles of matter is called thermal energy . It’s not just hot things such as the air and sand of Death Valley that have thermal energy. All matter has thermal energy, even matter that feels cold. That’s because the particles of all matter are in constant motion and have kinetic energy.
::死亡谷的空气和沙子为什么感到如此热?这是因为它们的粒子移动得非常快。 任何移动的能量都越快,运动的能量就越快。 物质移动粒子的总动能被称为热能。 它不仅仅是热能的热能,如死亡谷的空气和沙子。 所有物质都有热能,甚至都感到冷。 这是因为所有物质的粒子都在不断运动,有动能。

Thermal Energy, Temperature, and Mass
::热能、温度和质量

Thermal energy and temperature are closely related. Both reflect the kinetic energy of moving particles of matter. However, temperature is the average kinetic energy of particles of matter, whereas thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of particles of matter. Does this mean that matter with a lower temperature has less thermal energy than matter with a higher temperature? Not necessarily. Another factor also affects thermal energy. The other factor is mass.
::热能和温度是密切相关的。两者都反映了物质移动粒子的动能。然而,温度是物质粒子的平均动能,而热能是物质粒子的总动能。这是否意味着低温物质的热能比高温物质低?不一定。另一个因素也影响热能。另一个因素是质量。

Q: Look at the pot of soup and the tub of water in the Figure . Which do you think has greater thermal energy?
::问题:看看图中的汤壶和水管。你认为哪一种热能更大?

A: The soup is hot and has a temperature of 100 °C, whereas the water in the tub is just comfortably warm, with a temperature of about 38 °C. Although the water in the tub has a much lower temperature, it has greater thermal energy.
::A:汤是热的,温度为100°C,而浴缸中的水只是舒适的温暖,温度约为38°C。 尽管浴缸中的水温度低得多,但热能却更大。

The particles of soup have greater average kinetic energy than the particles of water in the tub, explaining why the soup has a higher temperature. However, the mass of the water in the tub is much greater than the mass of the soup in the pot. This means that there are many more particles of water than soup. All those moving particles give the water in the tub greater total kinetic energy, even though their average kinetic energy is less. Therefore, the water in the tub has greater thermal energy than the soup. 
::汤粒子的平均动能比浴缸中水粒子的动能要大,这解释了为什么汤汤温度更高。然而,浴缸中的水质量比锅中汤质量大得多。这意味着水粒子比汤多得多。所有移动颗粒都给浴缸中的水带来更大的动能,即使它们的平均动能较少。因此,浴缸中的水比汤有更大的热能。

Q: Could a block of ice have more thermal energy than a pot of boiling water?
::问:冰块的热能能否比沸水罐更强?

A: Yes, the block of ice could have more thermal energy if its mass was much greater than the mass of the boiling water.
::答:是的,如果冰块质量大于沸水质量,冰块的热能会更大。

Summary
::摘要

播放段落
• The total kinetic energy of moving particles of matter is called thermal energy.
  ::物质移动粒子的总动能 被称为热能
播放段落
• The thermal energy of matter depends on how fast its particles are moving on average, which is measured by temperature, and also on how many particles there are, which is measured by mass.
  ::物的热能取决于其粒子平均移动速度,以温度测量,以及有多少粒子,以质量测量。

Review
::回顾

播放段落
1. Compare and contrast thermal energy and temperature.
   ::对比和对比热能和温度。
播放段落
2. Explain how an object with a higher temperature can have less thermal energy than an object with a lower temperature. 
   ::解释一个温度较高的物体的热能如何低于一个温度较低的物体。