横反波

Can you guess what this picture shows? Here’s a hint: the objects in the picture have been magnified, and one of them is moving rapidly. The objects are guitar strings, and the moving string is the one on the bottom right. The string is moving because it has just been plucked. Plucking the string gave it , which is moving through the string in a . A mechanical wave is a wave that travels through matter. The matter a mechanical wave travels through is called the medium . The type of mechanical wave passing through the vibrating guitar string is a transverse wave.
::您能猜出这幅图片显示什么吗? 这里有一个提示: 图片中的对象已经放大, 其中有一个正在快速移动。 对象是吉他字符串, 移动字符串是右下方的。 字符串正在移动, 因为它刚刚被拔出。 拨动字符串给它, 它正在一个字符串中移动 。 机械波是穿过物质的波。 机械波穿过的波流被称为介质。 机械波穿过吉他字符串的机械波类型是反向波 。

What Is a Transverse Wave?
::什么是横波?

A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium vibrate at right angles, or perpendicular, to the direction that the wave travels. Another example of a transverse wave is the wave that passes through a rope with you shake one end of the rope up and down, as in the Figure . The direction of the wave is down the length of the rope away from the hand. The rope itself moves up and down as the wave passes through it.  
::反向波是一个波, 介质的粒子在右角度, 或垂直方向振动, 到波行驶的方向。 反向波的另一个例子是波通过绳子的波与绳子的一端摇动, 如图所示。 波的方向是绳索从手的长度向下。 当波浪穿过时, 绳子本身向上和向下移动 。

Q: When a guitar string is plucked, in what direction does the wave travel? In what directions does the string vibrate?
::问题:当吉他弦被拔出时,波浪会向哪个方向移动?弦振动到哪个方向?

A: The wave travels down the string to the end. The string vibrates up and down at right angles to the direction of the wave.
::A:波向下向下向尾行。字符串向上和向下振动,从右角度向上和向下到波的方向。

Crests and Troughs
::骨灰和槽

A transverse wave is characterized by the high and low points reached by particles of the medium as the wave passes through. The high points are called crests, and the low points are called troughs. You can see both in the Figure .
::反向波的特征是,随着波的穿透,介质微粒达到高点和低点。高点被称为尖峰,低点被称为槽。您可以在图中看到这两个点。

S Waves
::S波波

Transverse waves called S waves occur during earthquakes. The disturbance that causes an earthquake sends transverse waves through underground rocks in all directions away from the disturbance. S waves may travel for hundreds of miles. An S wave is modeled in the Figure .
::地震引发的扰动通过地表岩石横穿地表岩石,远离扰动。S波可能行走数百英里。图中以S波为模型。

Summary
::摘要

播放段落
• A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction that the wave travels.
  ::反向波是一个波, 介质的振动粒子 与波的移动方向相垂直。
播放段落
• The high points of a transverse wave are called crests, and the low points are called troughs.
  ::横波的高点被称为尖峰,低点被称为槽。
播放段落
• S waves are transverse waves that travel through underground rocks during earthquakes.
  ::S波是地震时穿过地下岩石的 横跨波浪

Review
::回顾

播放段落
1. What is a transverse wave?
   ::什么是横波?
播放段落
2. Sketch a transverse wave and label the crests and troughs.
   ::画一个横波 标上脊椎和槽
播放段落
3. Infer how S waves might affect structures such as buildings.
   ::推论S波浪会如何影响建筑物等结构。