和弦
Section outline
-
What's a chordate?
::什么是变色板?Most chordates are with backbones. These range from small to giant whales, from playful dogs to ferocious cats. Not nearly as diverse as the invertebrates . But chordates do have many amazing . The white tiger ( Panthera tigris ) is a chordate. The tiger is also from the class Mammalia, order Carnivora, and family Felidae, meaning it is a meat-eating cat.
::大部分的椰枣带有脊椎,从小鲸到大鲸,从玩狗到凶猛的猫。不像无脊椎动物那样多样化。但椰枣带确实有许多惊人之处。白老虎(Panthera tigris)是一块椰枣。老虎也来自Mammalia班级、卡尼沃拉班级和Felide家族,意思是它是一个吃肉的猫。Introduction to Chordates
::和弦引言The phylum Chordata consists of both invertebrate and vertebrate chordates . It is a large and diverse phylum. It includes some 60,000 species. Chordates range in length from about a centimeter to over 30 meters (100 feet). They live in , freshwater, , and aerial habitats . They can be found from the equator to the poles. Several examples of chordates are pictured in Figure .
::phylum Chordata由无脊椎动物和脊椎动物合体组成,是一个大而多样的植物,包括约60,000种物种。弦长约1厘米至30米以上(100英尺),它们生活在淡水、和空中栖息地。它们从赤道到极地都可以找到。图中描绘了几个圆形的例子。Diversity of Chordates. These six species illustrate the diversity of the phylum Chordata.
::和弦多样性。这六个物种显示了植物群的 多样性。Characteristics of Chordates
::和弦的特征Chordates have three embryonic layers. They also have a segmented body with a coelom and bilateral symmetry . Chordates have a complete digestive system and a closed . Their is centralized. There are four additional traits that are unique to chordates. These four traits, shown in Figure , define the chordate phylum.
::和弦有3个胚胎层, 也有一个带有圆柱和双边对称的分块体。 和弦有一个完整的消化系统和封闭。 它们是集中的。 另有4个特性是相交的。 这4个特性在图中显示, 定义了相交的。-
Post-anal tail
: The tail is opposite the head and extends past the anus.
::尾尾尾尾尾:尾尾尾在头部对面,穿过肛门。 -
Dorsal hollow nerve cord
: The
nerve
cord runs along the top, or dorsal, side of the animal. (In non chordate animals, the nerve cord is solid and runs along the bottom).
::Dorsal空心神经线:神经线沿着动物的顶部或背部运行。 (在非染色动物中,神经线是固态的,沿着底部运行)。 -
Notochord
: The notochord lies between the dorsal nerve cord and the digestive tract. It provides stiffness to counterbalance the pull of
.
::诺阿科德:诺阿科斯德位于经鼻神经线和消化道之间。它提供了抗衡拉动的硬性。 -
Pharyngeal slits
: Pharyngeal slits are located in the
pharynx
. The pharynx is the tube that joins the mouth to the digestive and respiratory tracts.
::pharyngeal shitchs:Pharynx 的阴道位于Pharynx, 阴道是连接口口的管子,与消化道和呼吸道连接。
Body Plan of a Typical Chordate. The body plan of a chordate includes a post-anal tail, notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, and pharyngeal slits.
::典型的时空计划。 时空计划包括一个后肛门尾、 诺科多德、 口腔空心神经索、 和阴道切片。In some chordates, all four traits persist throughout life and serve important functions. However, in many chordates, including humans, all four traits are present only during the embryonic stage. After that, some of the traits disappear or develop into other organs . For example, in humans, pharyngeal slits are present in embryos and later develop into the middle ear.
::在某些染色体中,所有四种特征都存在于整个生命中,并起到重要的功能。然而,在许多染色体中,包括人类在内,所有四种特征都只存在于胚胎阶段。此后,有些特征消失或发展为其他器官。例如,在人类中,胚胎中存在枪肢,后来发展为中耳。Classification of Chordates
::和弦的分类Living species of chordates are classified into three major subphyla: Vertebrata, Urochordata, and Cephalochordata. Vertebrates are all chordates that have a backbone . The other two subphyla are that lack a backbone.
::切诺氏菌的活物种分为三大亚phyla:Vertebrata、Urochordata和Cephalochordata。 切诺氏菌都是有脊椎的染色体。 另外两个亚phyla是缺乏脊椎的。Summary
::摘要-
Chordates include vertebrates and invertebrates that have a notochord.
::和弦包括脊椎动物和无脊椎动物,这些无脊椎动物有非亚化物。 -
Chordates also have a post-anal tail, dorsal hollow nerve cord, and pharyngeal slits.
::和弦还有尾尾巴, 背心空心神经索, 和阴道切片。 -
Vertebrate chordates have a backbone.
::活性染色体有骨干
Review
::回顾-
What is a vertebrate?
::什么是脊椎动物? -
Identify the four defining traits of chordates.
::确定四大发色的特征 -
Adult humans lack some of the defining traits of chordates. Why are humans still classified in the chordate phylum?
::为什么人类仍被划入花椰植物的分类?
-
Post-anal tail
: The tail is opposite the head and extends past the anus.
