3.12 地震
Section outline
-
What's a pedigree?
::什么是恋童癖?When you are talking about a pedigree dog, it means the dog is purebred. Through selective breeding, the dog has all the traits of that particular breed. When talking about genetics , however, a pedigree is a chart that helps show family relationships.
::当你谈论小狗时,这意味着狗是纯种的。通过选择性育种,狗具有该特定品种的所有特性。然而,在谈论遗传学时,小狗是有助于显示家庭关系的图表。Pedigree Analysis
::集水分析A pedigree is a chart that shows the inheritance of a trait over several generations. A pedigree is commonly created for families, and it outlines the inheritance patterns of and traits. A pedigree can help predict the that offspring will inherit a genetic disorder.
::父子关系(pedigree)是一张显示几代人继承遗传特征的图表。 父子关系通常为家庭创建,它概述了继承模式和特征。 父子关系可以帮助预测后代将继承遗传疾病。Pictured below is a pedigree displaying recessive inheritance of a disorder through three generations ( Figure ). From studying a pedigree, scientists can determine the following:
::下面的图示是三代人中出现紊乱的后遗迹(图)。从研究后遗迹中,科学家可以确定以下各点:-
If the trait is
sex-linked
(on the X or Y chromosome) or
autosomal
(on a
that does not determine sex).
::如果性特征与性有关(X或Y染色体)或自体细胞有关(不确定性别)。 -
If the trait is inherited in a dominant or recessive fashion.
::如果该特征是以主导或后退的方式继承的。
Sometimes pedigrees can also help determine whether individuals with the trait are heterozygous (two different alleles) or homozygous (two of the same allele). Some points to keep in mind when analyzing a pedigree are:
::有时,恋童癖还有助于确定具有异体性的人是异体性(两种不同的异体)还是同体性(两种相同的异体)。-
With autosomal recessive inheritance, all affected individuals will be homozygous recessive.
::拥有自动休养的遗产,所有受影响的人都将是同质休养者。 -
With dominant inheritance, all affected individuals will have at least one
dominant allele
. They will be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous.
::以占支配地位的遗产继承方式,所有受影响的人至少有一个占支配地位的代名词。 他们要么是同质古人占支配地位,要么是异质古人。 他们要么是同质古人占支配地位,要么是异质古人。 -
With
, more males (XY) than females (XX) usually have the trait. Sex-linked inheritance is usually recessive.
::男性(XY)通常比女性(XX)多,与性别相关的继承通常是休养的。
In a pedigree, squares symbolize males, and circles represent females. A horizontal line joining a male and female indicates that the couple had offspring. Vertical lines indicate offspring which are listed left to right, in order of birth. Shading of the circle or square indicates an individual who has the trait being traced. In this pedigree, the inheritance of the recessive trait is being traced. A is the dominant allele, and a is the recessive allele.
::在小儿科中,正方形代表男性,圆圈代表女性。一条横线与一男一女结合,表明夫妻双方有后代。垂直线表示按出生顺序排列的左向右的后代。圆形或正方形显示有其特征的个体。在这一小儿科中,正追踪后方特征的继承情况。A是占主导地位的异性,A是休止的异性。Summary
::摘要-
A pedigree is a chart which shows the inheritance of a trait over several generations.
::血统是一张图表,显示几代人继承一个特征的遗产。 -
From studying a pedigree, scientists can determine if a trait is sex-linked or autosomal.
::科学家从研究小儿科中可以确定一个特征是否与性别相关或是否自动溶解。
Review
::回顾-
What is a pedigree?
::什么是恋童癖? -
How might a pedigree aid a scientist?
::幼虫能如何帮助科学家呢?
-
If the trait is
sex-linked
(on the X or Y chromosome) or
autosomal
(on a
that does not determine sex).
