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  • 甲草药的重要性

    A spider in a web, highlighting its role in pest control among arthropods.

    Are just creepy and scary?
    ::只是吓人和吓人吗?

    Many arthropods, such as scorpions, , and spiders, have a reputation of being a nuisance or even harmful. But even if they are a little scary to you, that doesn't mean that the world would be fine without them.
    ::许多节肢动物,比如蝎子,和蜘蛛,都有着骚扰甚至伤害他人的名声。 但即使它们对你有点可怕,也不意味着没有它们世界会好起来。

    Importance of Arthropods
    ::甲草药的重要性

    Have you ever been startled by a bee landing on a flower ? Or surprised by a swarm of pill bugs when you overturned a rock? These arthropods might seem a little scary to you, but they are actually performing important roles in the environment. Arthropods are important to the and to humans in many ways.
    ::你是否曾被一只蜜蜂在花上着陆吓到?还是在翻滚岩石时被一大批药虫吓到了?这些节肢动物对你来说可能有点吓人,但实际上它们在环境中扮演着重要角色。在很多方面,节肢动物对人和人类都很重要。

    Arthropods in Pest Control
    ::虫害控制中的阿片类动物

    Humans use mites to prey on unwanted arthropods on farms or in homes. Other arthropods are used to control weed growth. of whip scorpions added to an environment can limit the populations of cockroaches and crickets. Millipedes also control the harmful growth of destructive and . When the numbers of millipedes is low, the imbalance between predator and prey can cause harmful microorganisms to flourish, and it can became difficult to manage plagues and diseases through natural processes.
    ::人类利用老鼠在农场或家中捕食不想要的节肢动物。其他节肢动物则用来控制杂草生长。添加到环境中的鞭蝎会限制蟑螂和板球的数量。老鼠也会控制破坏性的有害生长。当毫梨数量少时,捕食者和猎食者之间的不平衡会导致有害微生物的发芽,通过自然过程控制瘟疫和疾病会变得很困难。

    Cockroaches, spiders, mites, ticks and all other insects considered as carnivorous, prey on smaller to maintain ecological balance . Thus, communities that have a good balance of these arthropods tend to have better pest control.
    ::蟑螂、蜘蛛、白蚁、虱子和所有其他被视为食肉虫的昆虫都以较小部分为食用,以维持生态平衡。 因此,这些节肢动物平衡良好的社区往往有更好的虫害控制。

    Ecological Roles
    ::生态作用

    Many arthropods have extremely important roles in ecosystems. Arthropods are of ecological importance because of their sheer numbers and extreme diversity. As mentioned above, bees, wasps, ants, butterflies, moths, flies and beetles are invaluable agents of pollination (see the Figure ). Pollens and grains became accidentally attached to their chests and legs and are transferred to other agricultural crops as these move about, either by walking or flying. Most plants actually produce scents to send signals to insects that food (in the form of nectar) is available.
    ::许多节肢动物在生态系统中发挥着极为重要的作用,其数量之多和极端多样性之多,对生态具有重要的意义。如上所述,蜜蜂、黄蜂、蚂蚁、蝴蝶、飞蛾、苍蝇和甲虫是授粉的宝贵媒介(见图 ) 。 花粉和谷物意外地被附在胸部和腿上,并随着这些作物的移动,通过步行或飞行被转移到其他农作物中。大多数植物实际上产生气味,向昆虫发出食物(以花蜜为形式)的信号。

    Mites, ticks, centipedes, and millipedes are decomposers , meaning they break down dead plants and animals and turn them into soil nutrients . This is an important role because it supplies the plants with the minerals and nutrients necessary for life. It also keeps dead material from accumulating in the environment. Plants then pass along those minerals and nutrients to the animals that eat the plants.
    ::、、、、是分解体, 意思是它们把死去的植物和动物分解成土壤养分, 并把它们变成土壤养分。 这是一个重要的作用, 因为它能为植物提供生命所需的矿物和养分。 它还能防止死亡物质在环境中积累。 然后植物把这些矿物和养分传递给食植物的动物。

    A butterfly perched on white flowers, highlighting pollination's ecological significance.
    Butterfly on buckwheat.

    Human Uses
    ::人类利用

    Arthropods are also invaluable to humans, as they are used in many different human-made products. Examples are:
    ::节肢动物也对人类具有宝贵的价值,因为它们被用于许多不同的人造产品中。

    • Bees produce honey and their honeycombs contain beeswax, widely used for making candles, furniture wax and polishes, waxed papers, antiseptics, and fillings for surgical uses.
      ::蜜蜂生产蜂蜜及其蜂窝含有蜂蜡,广泛用于制作蜡烛、家具蜡和抛光剂、蜡纸、抗菌剂和手术用填料。
    • The pollens stored in honeycombs were discovered to have a rich mixture of vitamins , , and amino acids that could provide medical benefits. They were used as ingredients for supplements and medications that could provide relief for colds, asthma , and hay fever .
      ::蜂窝中储存的花粉被发现含有丰富的维他命、氨基酸和氨基酸混合物,可以提供医疗福利。 花粉被用作补充剂和药物的成分,可以缓解寒冷、哮喘和干热。
    • Silk produced by arthropods, like those produced by caterpillars to protect their cocoons , is strong enough to use and be woven into fabrics, a discovery first used in ancient China's silk industry.
      ::由节肢动物生产的丝绸, 与毛毛虫生产来保护其幼崽的丝绸一样, 足够强大, 足以使用并被编织成织物, 这是中国古代丝绸产业首次使用的一种发现。
    • The spiders’ web was discovered as an additional material that could provide strength, and has became essential raw materials for Kevlar vests, fishing nets, surgical sutures, and adhesives, as they contained natural antiseptics.
      ::蜘蛛网是作为一种能提供力量的附加材料被发现的,它已成为防弹背心、渔网、外科缝合和粘合剂的基本原材料,因为它们含有天然抗菌剂。

    Arthropods as Food
    ::作为食物的节肢动物

    Many species of , especially crabs, lobsters, shrimp, prawns, and crayfish, are consumed by humans, and are now farmed on a large commercial scale. Nearly 10,000,000 tons of arthropods as food were produced in 2005. Over 70% by weight of all crustaceans caught for consumption are shrimp and prawns. Over 80% is produced in Asia, with China producing nearly half the world’s total.
    ::许多物种,特别是螃蟹、龙虾、虾、虾、虾和龙虾以及龙虾,被人类消费,现在被大规模商业规模的养殖。 2005年生产了近1,000,000吨节肢动物作为食品。 70%以上(按重量计算)被捕食的甲壳类动物是虾和虾。 超过80%在亚洲生产,中国的产量占世界总产量的近一半。

    Insects and their grubs are at least as nutritious as meat, and are eaten both raw and cooked in many cultures . Beetles, locusts, butterflies, ants, and stinkbugs (which have an apple flavor) are insects that are regularly eaten by people in dozens of countries. In fact, there are more than 1,900 edible insect species on Earth, hundreds of which are already part of the diet of about two billion people worldwide. This is just under one of every three people worldwide, and this number should continue to grow in the future.
    ::昆虫及其动物至少与肉类一样富有营养,而且在许多文化中被生吃和烹饪。 甲虫、蝗虫、蝴蝶、蚂蚁和臭虫(有苹果味的)是昆虫,在几十个国家中经常被人们吃掉。 事实上,地球上有1,900多种食用昆虫物种,其中数百种已经是全世界20亿人饮食的一部分。 全世界每三个人中就有一个,这个数字在未来应该继续增长。

    The intentional cultivation of arthropods and other small animals for human food, referred to as mini-livestock, is now emerging in animal husbandry as an ecologically sound concept. However, the greatest contribution of arthropods to human food supply is by pollination. Three-fourths of the world’s flowering plants and about 35% of the world’s food crops depend on animal pollinators to reproduce and increase crop yields. More than 3,500 species of native bees pollinate crops. Some scientists estimate that one out of every three bites of food we eat exists because of animal pollinators, including and bats and arthropods like bees, butterflies and moths, and beetles and other insects.
    ::蓄意种植节肢动物和其他小动物作为人类食物,被称为小型牲畜,现在在畜牧业中作为一种无害生态的概念正在出现。 但是,节肢动物对人类食物供应的最大贡献是授粉。 世界上四分之三的花卉植物和大约35%的粮食作物依靠动物授粉员繁殖和增加作物产量。 超过3 500种本地蜜蜂授粉作物。 一些科学家估计,我们每三口食物中就有一口是因为动物授粉者,包括蝙蝠和节肢动物,如蜜蜂、蝴蝶和飞蛾以及甲虫和其他昆虫。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Mites, ticks, centipedes, and millipedes are decomposers, meaning they break down dead plants and animals and turn them into soil nutrients.
      ::、、、 和是分解体, 意思是它们把死去的植物和动物 分解成土壤养分。
    • Many crustaceans, especially crabs, lobsters, shrimp, prawns, and crayfish, are food sources for humans.
      ::许多甲壳类动物,特别是螃蟹、龙虾、虾、虾、虾和龙虾,是人类的食物来源。

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resources below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    Explore More I
    ::探索更多

    • Arthropod Locomotion: Engineering at (7:15)
      ::Arthropod Locomotion:工程(7:15)

     

     

    1. Why do scientists study the movement of arthropods?
      ::为什么科学家研究节肢动物的移动?
    2. What arthropod characteristic(s) have been integrated into the robot, Ariel?
      ::Ariel? 人工节肢动物在机器人体内的特征是什么?
    3. What benefits may we see from robots like Ariel?
      ::我们能看到像艾丽儿这样的机器人有什么好处?

    Explore More II
    ::探索更多情况二

    • Lobster Mariculture at
      ::龙虾养殖
    1. What is one of the biggest obstacles to raising lobsters?
      ::养龙虾的最大障碍之一是什么?
    2. How many eggs will a female lobster produce at one time?
      ::雌性龙虾一次能产出多少鸡蛋?
    3. What is done with the fourth stage juvenile lobsters? Why?
      ::对第四阶段幼龙虾做了什么?为什么?

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Name three examples of an arthropod used as a food source for humans.
      ::举三例说明作为人类食物来源的节肢动物。
    2. Describe one important role that arthropods play in the ecosystem.
      ::描述节肢动物在生态系统中发挥的重要作用。
    3. What is one human use of material produced by an arthropod.
      ::人类对节肢动物所生产物质的一种使用。