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  • General

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  • 昆虫复制

    A butterfly with blue and red wings laying pearl-like eggs on a green leaf.

    What is this?
    ::这是什么?

    These butterfly eggs look like tiny pearls on a leaf. The adult butterfly often lays her eggs on a specific type of plant. This ensures that the future caterpillars will have plenty of food to eat.
    ::这些蝴蝶蛋看起来像一片叶子上的小珍珠。成年蝴蝶经常在一种特定的植物上产卵。这确保了未来的毛虫将有足够的食物吃。

    Insect Reproduction and Life Cycle
    ::昆虫生殖和生命周期

    Most can reproduce very quickly within a short period of time. With a short generation time, they evolve faster and can quickly adjust to environmental changes. Most insects reproduce by sexual reproduction . The female produces eggs, which are fertilized by the male, and then the eggs are usually placed near the required food. In some insects, there is asexual reproduction during which the offspring come from a single parent. In this type of , the offspring are almost identical to the mother. This is most often seen in aphids and scale insects.
    ::大多数昆虫可以在短短的时间内迅速繁殖。在短短的一代时间里,它们发展得更快,并能迅速适应环境变化。大多数昆虫通过性繁殖繁殖。雌虫产卵,由雄虫施肥,然后卵子通常被放置在所需食物附近。在有些昆虫中,有性繁殖,其后代来自单亲家庭。在这种类型中,后代与母虫几乎完全相同。这在虫类和大小昆虫中最为常见。

    With a few exceptions, all insect life begins as an egg. After leaving the egg, insects must grow and transform until reaching . Only the adult insect can mate and reproduce. The physical transformation of an insect from one stage of its life cycle to another is known as metamorphosis .
    ::除少数例外情况外,所有昆虫的生命都以蛋的形式开始。离开鸡蛋后,昆虫必须生长和转化,直到到达。只有成年昆虫才能结交和繁殖。昆虫从生命周期的一个阶段向另一个阶段的物理转变被称为变形。

    Three Types of Metamorphosis
    ::三种变形类型

    An insect can have one of three types of metamorphosis and life cycles ( Table ). Metamorphosis describes how insects transform from an immature or young insect into an adult insect in at least two stages. Insects may undergo gradual metamorphosis (incomplete), where transformation is subtle, or complete metamorphosis, where each stage of the life cycle appears quite different from the others. In some insects, there may be no true metamorphosis at all.
    ::昆虫有三种变形和生命周期(表 ) 。变形描述昆虫如何在至少两个阶段从不成熟的或年轻的昆虫转变为成人昆虫。昆虫可能经历逐渐变形(不完整 ) , 变形是微妙的, 或完全变形, 生命周期的每个阶段都与其他阶段大不相同。在有些昆虫中,可能根本就没有真正的变形。

    Type of Metamorphosis Characteristics Examples
    None
    • Only difference between adult and larvae (young or non-adult insects) is size.
      ::成年昆虫和幼虫(幼虫或非成年昆虫)的大小只有差异。
    • Occurs in the most primitive insects.
      ::最原始的昆虫的污染
    • Newborn insect looks like a tiny version of the adult.
      ::新生的昆虫看起来像 成人的微小版本。
    		Silverfish, firebrats, springtails
    Incomplete
    • Three stages: egg, nymph, and adult.
      ::三个阶段: 鸡蛋,尼姆发,和成人。
    • Young, called nymphs , usually similar to adult.
      ::年轻,叫性器官,通常和成人相似
    • Growth occurs during the nymph stage.
      ::在阴道阶段出现增长。
    • Wings then appear as buds on nymphs or early forms.
      ::然后,翅膀在乳房或早期形态上出现作为芽。
    • When last molt is completed, wings expand to full adult size.
      ::当最后一件毛衣完成后 翅膀会膨胀到成人的完整体型
    		Dragonflies, grasshoppers, mantids, cockroaches, termites
    Complete
    • Most insects undergo this type.
      ::大多数昆虫都患有这种疾病。
    • Each stage of the life cycle—egg, larva, pupa , and adult—looks different from the others.
      ::生命周期的每一阶段——卵、幼虫、幼虫和成人——与其它阶段不同。
    • Immature and adult stages have different forms, have different behaviors, and live in different habitats .
      ::成熟阶段和成人阶段的形式不同,行为不同,生活在不同的生境中。
    • Immature form is called larvae and remains similar in form but increases in size.
      ::幼虫的发光形式称为幼虫,形式上类似,但体积增加。
    • Larvae usually have chewing mouthparts even if adult mouthparts are sucking ones.
      ::拉瓦人通常有咀嚼的嘴部,即使成人嘴部是吸的。
    • At last larval stage of development, insect forms into pupa ( Figure ) and does not eat or move.
      ::在最后的幼虫发育阶段,昆虫形成幼虫(图),不吃也不动。
    • During pupa stage, wing development begins, after which the adult emerges.
      ::在幼年阶段,翅膀发育开始,然后成人出现。
    		Butterflies, moths, flies, ants, bees, beetles

    Chrysalis of a monarch butterfly in the pupal stage of development.

    The chrysalis (pupal stage) of a monarch butterfly.
    ::皇帝蝴蝶的菊花

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Insects reproduce rapidly, usually by sexual reproduction.
      ::昆虫迅速繁殖,通常通过性繁殖。
    • Metamorphosis, or how insects transform from an immature form into an adult, can be part of the insect life cycle.
      ::昆虫的变形,或者昆虫如何从不成熟的形式转变为成人,可以成为昆虫生命周期的一部分。

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resources below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    Explore More I
    ::探索更多

    • The W eird and W onderful M etamorphosis of the B utterfly -  

      ::蝴蝶怪异和奇妙的变形
    1. What percent of insects participate in complete metamorphosis?
      ::昆虫参与完全变形的占多大比例?
    2. What type of cells do caterpillars have that eventually become its butterfly parts?
      ::毛毛虫最终会变成它的蝴蝶部分 是什么类型的细胞?
    3. Describe the hypothesis that helps explain the origin of complete metamorphosis?
      ::描述有助于解释完全变形起源的假设?
    4. What survival advantages do complete metamorphosis provide?
      ::完全变形能提供什么生存优势?

    Explore More II
    ::探索更多情况二

    • Insect Reproductive Systems  - 

      ::昆虫生殖系统 -- --
    1. How do male insects try to keep other males from impregnating a female with which they have mated?
      ::雄性昆虫如何阻止其他雄性怀孕?
    2. Do most insects use internal or external fertilization?
      ::大部分昆虫是使用内施肥还是外部施肥?
    3. What do male insects make with the accessory glands of their reproductive system?
      ::雄性昆虫对生殖系统的附属腺有何作用?

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Describe how most insects reproduce.
      ::描述多数昆虫的繁殖方式。
    2. Define metamorphosis.
      ::定义变形。
    3. What is the difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis.
      ::完全和不完全的变形之间有什么区别?
    4. What are the four stages of complete metamorphosis?
      ::四个完全转变阶段是什么?
    5. Describe the differences between the immature and adult forms of most insects.
      ::描述大多数昆虫的不成熟形式和成年形式之间的差异。
    6. Give three examples of insects that go through complete metamorphosis.
      ::举三例说明昆虫经历了彻底的变形。