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  • General

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  • 昆虫控制

    A ladybug eating an aphid on a plant stem.

    Are ladybugs dangerous?
    ::女虫有危险吗?

    Ladybugs won't hurt you. But they are dangerous to some other insects! This ladybug is eating plant-harming bugs known as aphids. Since they have an appetite for aphids, ladybugs are a farmer's friend.
    ::小虫不会伤害你。 但是它们对其他昆虫很危险! 这只小虫正在吃植物致虫虫虫。 由于它们食用虫虫, 小虫是农民的朋友。

    Control of Insects
    ::昆虫控制

    Though can be very important, some are also considered pests. Common insect pests include:
    ::虽然可能非常重要,但有些病虫害也被视为害虫。

    1. Parasitic insects, such as mosquitoes, lice, and bed bugs.
      ::寄生虫,如蚊子、虱子和床虫。
    2. Insects that transmit diseases, including mosquitoes and flies.
      ::传播疾病的昆虫,包括蚊虫和苍蝇。
    3. Insects that damage structures, such as termites ( Figure ).
      ::破坏白蚁等结构的昆虫(图)。
    4. Insects that destroy crops, including locusts and weevils.
      ::破坏作物的昆虫,包括蝗虫和恶灵。

    Close-up of subterranean termites in their nest, highlighting pest behavior and damage.

    Termites can destroy wooden structures.
    ::白蚁可以摧毁木制结构

    Many scientists who study insects are involved in various forms of pest control. Most utilize insect-killing chemicals, but more and more rely on other methods. Ways to control insect pests are described below.
    ::许多研究昆虫的科学家参与了各种形式的虫害控制,大多数使用杀虫化学品,但越来越多地依赖其他方法。

    Biological Control
    ::生物控制

    Biological control of pests in farming is a method of controlling pests by using other insects (or other natural predators of the pests). Biological control of insects relies on and parasitism . Insect predators, such as ladybugs and lacewings, consume a large number of other insects during their lifetime. If you add ladybugs to your farm or garden, they will help keep insect pests, such as aphids, under control. Aphids are among the most destructive insect pests on cultivated plants in regions, so any control of these pests is beneficial.
    ::农业虫害的生物控制是利用其他昆虫(或虫害的其他自然掠食者)控制虫害的一种方法。昆虫的生物控制依靠寄生虫和寄生虫。昆虫的捕食者,如小虫虫和花蕾,一生中消耗了大量其他昆虫。如果你在农场或花园中添加了小虫,它们将有助于控制昆虫,例如虫类。虫类是地区种植植物中最具破坏性的害虫,因此对这些害虫的任何控制都是有益的。

    Ladybugs also consume mites, scale insects and small caterpillars. The larvae of many hoverfly also feed upon aphids, with one larva consuming up to fifty aphids a day, which is about 1,000 in its lifetime. They also eat fruit tree spider mites and small caterpillars. Dragonflies are important predators of mosquitoes, and can be used to control this pest. Parasitic insects include insects such as wasps and flies that lay their eggs on or in the body of an insect host , which is then used as a food for developing larvae. The host is ultimately killed. Caterpillars also tend to be one likely target of parasitic wasps.
    ::虫还吞噬了蚊虫、比例昆虫和小毛虫。许多虫的幼虫还食用虫虫,其中一只幼虫每天消耗50只,在幼虫一生中约为1 000只。它们还吃水果树蜘蛛、小毛虫和小毛虫。小毛虫是蚊虫的重要捕食者,可以用来控制这种害虫。寄生虫包括昆虫,如黄蜂和苍蝇,它们产卵在昆虫宿主的身上或体内,然后用作培养幼虫的食物。宿主最终死亡。毛虫也往往是寄生虫的一个可能的目标。

    Chemical Control
    ::化学控制 化学控制 化学控制 化学控制 化学控制 化学控制 化学控制 化学控制

    Chemical control of pests involves the use of insecticides . Insecticides , which are also known as pesticides, are most often used to kill insects. Insecticides are chemicals that kill insects. The U.S. spends $9 billion each year on pesticides. Disadvantages to using pesticides include human, , and honeybee poisonings, and the contamination of meat and dairy products.
    ::对害虫的化学控制涉及杀虫剂的使用,杀虫剂也被称为杀虫剂,最经常用来杀虫,杀虫剂是杀虫的化学品,杀虫剂是杀虫的化学品,美国每年花90亿美元用于杀虫剂,使用杀虫剂的缺点包括人类、蜜蜂中毒、肉类和奶制品污染。

    When choosing to use an insecticide, there are numerous points to consider. Negative effects of the pesticide should try to be minimized. Important questions to consider include the following.
    ::在选择使用杀虫剂时,需要考虑许多要点,杀虫剂的不良影响应尽量减少,需要考虑的重要问题包括:

    • What is the chemical's success against the target pest? Will the insecticide provide the desired level of control of the pest? If the answer is no, other methods of control should be considered.
      ::化学品对目标虫害的成功程度如何?杀虫剂能否提供所需的虫害控制水平?如果答案是否定的,则应考虑其他的控制方法。
    • Does the chemical have an impact on natural enemies of the pest? In large scale efforts to rid areas of mosquitoes, the insecticide used also killed the dragonfly. This effort removed a natural predator of the mosquito. This may be an unacceptable negative effect of using the insecticide.
      ::该化学品是否对害虫的自然敌人有影响?在大规模消灭蚊虫的大规模努力中,使用的杀虫剂也杀死了虫,这一努力消除了蚊虫的自然掠食者,这可能是使用杀虫剂的不可接受的负面影响。
    • How susceptible is the crop to insect damage? If the crop is not heavily damaged, only minor pest control may be needed. This may affect the amount or type of insecticide used.
      ::作物受到昆虫损害的可能性有多大?如果作物没有受到严重破坏,只需进行轻微的虫害控制,这可能影响到使用杀虫剂的数量或类型。
    • How toxic is the chemical to the environment and humans? Some older insecticides are extremely poisonous. Keep in mind that users of these poisons have a community responsibility to minimize the contamination of the surrounding environment, as well as keeping , surrounding crops and humans safe.
      ::化学品对环境和人类的毒性如何?一些老化的杀虫剂是极其有毒的。要记住,这些毒药的使用者负有社区责任,尽量减少周围环境的污染,并保护周围作物和人类的安全。
    • Does using the pesticide result in the of resistance? If so, this can make additional use of the pesticide less effective. As the resistance will be passed to future generations of the insect (which is in action), this could be considered a negative side-effect of pesticide use.
      ::使用杀虫剂是否会产生抗药性?如果是这样的话,这会使更多使用杀虫剂的效果降低。 由于抗药性将传递给昆虫的后代(正在起作用的),这可被视为杀虫剂使用的消极副作用。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Harmful insects include those that can destroy buildings and crops or transmit disease.
      ::有害昆虫包括那些能够摧毁建筑物和作物或传播疾病的昆虫。
    • Insecticides are commonly used to control insect pests, but they can have harmful effects on the environment.
      ::杀虫剂通常用于控制昆虫病虫害,但可对环境产生有害影响。

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resources below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    Explore More I
    ::探索更多

    • Deadly Mating at (3:05)
      ::致命配配( 3: 05)
    1. How are farmers seeking to control diamondback moths ( Plutella xylostella )?
      ::农民如何设法控制钻石飞蛾(Plutella xylostella)?

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What are three examples of insects that are pests?
      ::昆虫是害虫的三种例子是什么?
    2. Name two ways that insects can be pests.
      ::说明昆虫有两种可能是害虫的方式。
    3. What is meant by biological control of insects?
      ::昆虫的生物控制意味着什么?
    4. What are two disadvantages to pesticides?
      ::农药的两种不利之处是什么?