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  • 生殖系统疾病

    An illustration of a woman performing a breast self-exam, highlighting self-examination techniques.

    Why should women perform a monthly breast self-exam?
    ::为什么妇女应该每月进行一次乳房自我检查?

    If you are a young woman, getting in the habit of performing a monthly breast self-exam is a good idea. Lumps or other subtle changes in the breasts may indicate  breast cancer . The outcome is typically better if breast cancer is caught and treated early.
    ::如果你是年轻女性,习惯每月进行乳房自检是一个好主意。乳房的乳房倾斜或其他细微变化可能表明乳腺癌。如果乳腺癌早期被发现和治疗,结果会更好。

    Other Reproductive System Disorders
    ::其他生殖系统疾病

    Many disorders of the  reproductive system  are not sexually transmitted infections. They are not caused by  , so they don’t spread from person to person. They develop for other reasons. The disorders are different between males and females. In both genders, the disorders could cause a little discomfort, or they could cause death.
    ::生殖系统的许多紊乱并非性传染疾病,它们不是由性传染疾病引起的,因此不会因人而传播,而是出于其他原因而发展。 男性和女性的紊乱情况不同。 在男女两性中,这种紊乱都可能造成一点不适,也可能造成死亡。

    Disorders in Males
    ::男性的疾病

    Most common disorders of the   involve the  testes . For example, injuries to the testes are very common. In teenagers, injuries to the testes most often occur while playing sports. An injury such as a strike or kick to the testes can be very painful. It may also cause bruising and swelling. Such injuries do not usually last very long.
    ::例如,睾丸受伤非常常见。在青少年中,睾丸受伤最经常发生在运动中,击打或踢打睾丸等伤害可能非常痛苦,还可能造成瘀伤和肿胀。这类伤害通常不会持续很长时间。

    Another disorder of the testes is  . Cancer of the testes is most common in males aged 15 to 35. It occurs when   in the testes grow out of control. The cells form a lump called a  tumor . If found early, cancer of the testes usually can be easily cured with surgery.
    ::睾丸的另一个障碍是。睾丸癌在15至35岁的男性中最为常见,当睾丸生长失控时就会发生。细胞形成一个叫做肿瘤的肿块。如果早期发现,睾丸癌通常很容易通过手术治愈。

    Disorders in Females
    ::女性的疾病

    Disorders of the   may affect the  vagina ,  uterus , or  ovaries . They may also affect the breasts.
    ::阴道、子宫或卵巢可能受到影响,胸部也可能受到影响。

    One of the most common disorders is  vaginitis . This is redness and itching of the vagina. It may be due to irritation by soap or bubble bath. Another possible cause of vaginitis is a  yeast  infection. Yeast normally grow in the vagina. A  yeast infection  happens when the yeast multiply too fast and cause symptoms. A yeast infection can be treated with medication.
    ::最常见的病症之一是阴道炎,这是阴道红和痒,可能是由于肥皂或泡泡浴引起刺激,也可能是淋病感染的另一种原因,阴道炎通常在阴道中生长,酵母感染发生在酵母生长过快并造成症状时,可以用药物治疗酵母感染。

    A rubber duck covered in bubbles in a tub, symbolizing bath time.

    Bubble baths may be fun, but for women and girls they can cause irritation to the vagina.
    ::泡泡浴也许很有趣,但是对妇女和女孩来说,她们可以对阴道造成刺激。

    A common disorder of the ovaries is an  ovarian cyst . A cyst is a sac filled with fluid or other material. An ovarian cyst is usually harmless, but it may cause pain. Most cysts slowly disappear and do not need treatment. Very large or painful cysts can be removed with surgery.
    ::卵巢中常见的紊乱是一种卵巢囊。 囊囊中含有液体或其他物质。 卵巢内囊通常是无害的, 但可能造成疼痛。 多数囊囊中会慢慢消失, 不需要治疗。 外科手术可以切除非常大或痛苦的囊中。

    Many teen girls have painful menstrual periods. They typically have cramping in the lower abdomen. Generally, this is nothing to worry about. Taking a warm bath or using a heating pad often helps.   can help as well. A pain reliever like ibuprofen may also work. If the pain is severe, a doctor can prescribe stronger medicine to relieve the pain.
    ::许多少女有痛苦的月经期,她们通常在下腹部抽筋。一般而言,这没什么好担心的。用热水浴或使用暖气垫通常也有帮助。像ibuprofen这样的止痛缓解器也可以起作用。如果疼痛严重,医生可以开更强的药来缓解疼痛。

    The most common type of cancer in females is  breast cancer . The cancer causes the cells of the breast to grow out of control and form a tumor. Breast cancer is rare in teens. It becomes more common as women get older. If breast cancer is found early, it usually can be cured with surgery.
    ::女性最常见的癌症类型是乳腺癌,癌症导致乳房细胞发育失控并形成肿瘤,在青少年中乳腺癌非常罕见,随着妇女长大,乳腺癌更加常见,如果乳腺癌早期被发现,通常可以通过手术治愈。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • In males, disorders of the reproductive system include injuries to the testes and cancer of the testes.
      ::在男性中,生殖系统紊乱包括睾丸受伤和睾丸癌症。
    • In females, disorders of the reproductive system include vaginitis and breast cancer.
      ::在女性中,生殖系统紊乱包括阴道炎和乳腺癌。

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resources below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    Explore More I
    ::探索更多

    • Testicular Cancer  at   (4:20)
      ::4:20时(4:20)的睾丸癌
    1. Testicular cancer is the most common form of cancer for what age group of men?
      ::睾丸癌是哪个年龄组男子最常见的癌症形式?
    2. What is the most common sign of testicular cancer? What is it sometimes mistaken for?
      ::睾丸癌的最常见症状是什么?它有时被误认为什么?
    3. How treatable is testicular cancer? What kinds of treatment are used?
      ::睾丸癌如何治疗?
    4. What are the causes of testicular cancer?
      ::导致睾丸癌的原因是什么?
    5. What is the highest identified risk factor for contracting testicular cancer?
      ::受睾丸癌影响的风险最高因素是什么?

    Explore More II
    ::探索更多情况二

    • Ovarian Cysts  at 
      ::奥斯瓦里安群岛
    1. What are ovarian cysts?
      ::什么是卵巢囊?
    2. Are all ovarian cysts cancerous?
      ::卵巢囊癌吗?
    3. What is the most common type of ovarian cyst?
      ::最常见的卵巢细胞类型是什么?
    4. What symptoms can ovarian cysts cause?
      ::卵巢囊细胞会导致什么症状?
    5. Do most ovarian cysts need to be removed surgically?
      ::多数卵巢囊需要手术移除吗?

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is an example of a common disorder of the male reproductive system?
      ::男性生殖系统普遍混乱的一个例子是什么?
    2. What is an example of a common disorder of the female reproductive system?
      ::女性生殖系统普遍混乱的事例是什么?
    3. What is the most common cancer found in women?
      ::在妇女身上发现的最常见癌症是什么?