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  • 天气预报

    Lesson Objectives 
    ::经验教训目标

    • State how meteorologists predict the weather.
      ::气象学家如何预测天气
    • Outline how technology and computers are used to forecast the weather.
      ::概述如何使用技术和计算机预报天气。
    • Describe what weather maps show.
      ::描述气象图显示的气象图。

    Lesson Vocabulary
    ::词汇表课程

    • anemometer
      ::测深计
    • barometer
      ::晴数计
    • hygrometer
      ::湿度计
    • meteorologist
      ::气象学家
    • rain gauge
      ::雨量计
    • snow gauge
      ::雪积积雪表
    • thermometer
      ::温度计
    • weather balloon
      ::气象气球
    • weather map
      ::天气图
    • weather satellite
      ::气象卫星卫星
    • weather station
      ::气象站
    • wind vane
      ::风车

    Introduction
    ::导言

    Have you ever been caught in the rain? Weather conditions can change quickly. Did you watch the news last night? The news reported that the weather would be sunny. Why was he wrong? Don't get too upset. It's a hard job to predict the weather. 
    ::天气状况会很快改变。 你昨晚有没有看新闻? 新闻报道天气会晴朗。 为什么他错了? 不要太生气。这是很难预测天气的。

    Predicting the Weather
    ::预测天气

    Weather is very tough to predict. Will it rain tomorrow? Maybe it will be sunny. What about the wind? How cold will it be? Those are all questions we want to know. Predicting the weather is not an easy task. To do it well requires collecting a lot of data. The amount of data is often more than a person can deal with. To help with the task of analyzing data, computers are used. So where does the data come from?
    ::天气是很难预测的。 明天会下雨吗? 也许天气会很晴朗。 风会怎样? 风会有多冷? 这些是我们想知道的问题。 预测天气并非易事。 要做到这一点, 需要收集大量数据。 数据的数量往往超出一个人所能处理的范围。 为了帮助分析数据的任务, 使用计算机。 因此, 数据来自何处?

    Weather Instruments
    ::气象仪器

    You might want to know how cold it is. You may need to know how fast the wind is blowing. Maybe it rained last night? Do you know how much? Does it feel humid to you? You have heard all these questions before. To answer these questions, we need data. That data comes from special tools. These tools collect data about the weather. You can see some of the common tools listed below: 
    ::您可能想知道风速有多冷。 您可能需要知道风速有多快。 也许它昨晚下雨了? 您知道多少吗? 您觉得潮湿了吗? 您以前听说过这些问题吗? 为了回答这些问题, 我们需要数据。 这些数据来自特殊工具。 这些工具收集了天气数据。 您可以看到下面列出的一些通用工具 :

    • A  thermometer  measures temperature.
      ::温度计测量温度。
    • An  anemometer  measures wind speed.
      ::电磁计测量风速。
    • A  rain gauge  measures the amount of rain.
      ::雨量计量雨量。
    • A  hygrometer  measures humidity.
      ::湿度测量仪测量湿度
    • A  wind vane  shows wind direction.
      ::风箱显示风向
    • A  snow gauge  measures the amount of snow.
      ::积雪量量的积雪量
    lesson content
     
    The greater the air pressure outside the tube, the higher the mercury rises inside the tube. Mercury can rise in the tube because there’s no air pressing down on it.
    lesson content
     
    Some of the most commonly used weather instruments. (a) Thermometer: temperature, (b) Anemometer: wind speed, (c) Rain gauge: amount of rain, (d) Hygrometer: humidity, (e) Wind vane: wind direction, (f) Snow gauge: amount of snow.

    Collecting Data
    ::收集数据

    Weather tools are used to collect data from all over the world. There are thousands of weather stations. Many are on land. Some float out in the oceans. You can see what a weather station looks like in  Figure  . Your school may have its own weather station. 
    ::使用气象工具从世界各地收集数据。 有数千个气象站。 许多在陆地上。 有些漂浮在海洋中。 您可以在图中看到气象站的外观。 您的学校可能有自己的气象站 。

    So far, the weather tools mentioned are on the ground. How can we know about conditions high in the sky? For this we use weather balloons. These balloons carry our tools high into the air. Radar is another way of looking at conditions far away or high in the sky. Some data is even collected from outer space. Satellites are used to collect some weather data.  
    ::到目前为止,所提到的气象工具都在地面上。 我们怎么知道天空中的高空条件? 为此,我们使用气象气球。 这些气球将我们的工具带入空气中的高空。 雷达是观察远处或高空条件的另一种方法。 一些数据甚至从外层空间收集。 卫星被用来收集一些气象数据。

    lesson content
     
    Weather stations collect data on land and sea. Weather balloons, satellites, and radar collect data in the atmosphere.

    Weather stations  contain many weather tools. Check out the  weather balloon  in  Figure  . It will rise high into the sky. It will keep rising until it bursts.  All the way up, it gathers data. It sends the data back to Earth.
    ::气象站包含许多气象工具。 请查看图中的天气气球。 气球会升到天空中。 它会一直上升直到爆炸。 它会一直收集数据。 它会把数据发回地球 。

    Weather satellites  even orbit Earth. They never stop collecting weather data. They too transmit this data back to Earth. A radar device sends out radio waves. They travel through the air in all directions. The waves bounce off water in the air. They bounce back to the radar's sending receiver. The radar shows where precipitation is falling. The color can indicate what type of precipitation. It’s raining in the orange-shaded area shown above.
    ::气象卫星甚至环绕地球运行。 它们从不停止收集天气数据。 它们也把这些数据传送回地球。 雷达装置发出无线电波, 它们从空气中向各个方向移动。 海浪从空气中反射出来, 它们反射回雷达的发送接收器。 雷达显示降水情况正在下降。 颜色可以显示哪类降水。 上面显示的橙色阴影地区正在下雨 。

    Weather Maps
    ::气象图

    You may have seen a weather map. A  weather map  may show the weather for a certain area. It may also show the actual weather on any given day. For example, it may show tomorrow's weather. It may also show a prediction of a few days from now. Some weather maps show many weather conditions. Others show a single condition.
    ::您可能见过气象图。 气象图可能显示某一区域的天气。 天气图还可能显示某一天的实际天气。 例如, 天气图可能显示明天的天气。 天气图还可能显示几天之后的天气预报。 有些天气图显示许多天气条件。 另一些则显示一个单一的条件 。

    lesson content
     
    This weather map shows air pressure contours. Which state has the lowest air pressure shown on the map?

    What is the temperature right now at grandma's house? How hot did it get there today? Did it get cold thee last night? A weather maps can help us answer those questions. It can tell us the high and low temperatures of a major city. It may show areas of rain or snow. It can even show wind directions. A weather map is very important. It helps us see what is coming. Do you know from which direction your weather comes from? 
    ::奶奶家现在的温度是多少? 今天天气有多热? 昨天晚上天气冷吗? 天气图可以帮助我们回答这些问题。 它能告诉我们一个大城市的高温和低温。 它可以显示大雨或大雪的地区。 它甚至可以显示风向。 天气图非常重要。 它能帮助我们看清未来的方向。 你知道你的天气来自哪里吗?

    Lesson Summary
    ::经验教训摘要

    • Weather is very complex. This makes it hard to predict.
      ::天气很复杂,很难预测
    • Weather instruments measure weather factors. Weather stations collect data on Earth’s surface. Weather balloons, satellites, and radar collect data in the atmosphere. 
      ::气象仪器测量天气因素。气象站收集地球表面的数据。气象气球、卫星和雷达在大气中收集数据。
    • A weather map shows the weather for a certain area. It can show actual or predicted weather. It may show a single weather condition or more than one.
      ::气象图显示某一区域的天气。它可以显示实际或预测的天气。它可以显示一个或一个以上的天气状况。

    Lesson Review Questions
    ::经验回顾问题

    Recall
    ::回顾

    1. Why is weather difficult to predict?
      ::为什么天气难以预测?
    1. List three weather instruments, and state what they measure.
      ::列出三个气象仪表,并说明其测量量。
    1. What is the role of weather balloons and weather satellites?
      ::气象气球和气象卫星的作用是什么?
    1. What does a weather map show? 
      ::天气图显示什么?

    Apply Concepts
    ::应用概念

    1. In the weather map in  Figure   , where is the weather most likely to be clear and dry? How do you know?
      ::在图中的天气图中,天气最清楚和干燥的地方在哪里?你怎么知道?

    Think Critically
    ::仔细仔细思考

    1. Explain how radar could be used to track an approaching thunderstorm.
      ::解释如何利用雷达追踪即将到来的雷暴。