章节大纲

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  • 流动的空气和水作为能源

     

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    Introduction
    ::导言

    Wind turbines are becoming a more and more common sight on the landscape. For scientists, they represent great hope for energy production. Wind turbines do not produce pollution. As you can see in the picture above, their job is to catch the wind. Wind turbines provide us with electrical energy. This energy supports our homes, schools, and offices.  
    ::风力涡轮机越来越普遍地看到风景。 科学家们认为,风力涡轮机代表着能源生产的巨大希望。 风力涡轮机不会造成污染。 正如你从上图中可以看到的, 他们的任务是捕捉风力。 风力涡轮机为我们提供了电力。 这种能源支持我们的家庭、学校和办公室。

    The Power of Wind 
    ::风的力量

    Wind is not a new form of energy. In fact, it has been used for thousands of years. Only in the last 200 years has the use of wind energy diminished. Before then, it was wind that powered the ships that sailed the oceans. In the past 200 years, ships have switched from wind power to the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are burned to produce the energy to run ships engines. Around 200 years ago, ships started to use engines instead of sails. Coal became the energy source. Modern ships use diesel fuel. Diesel fuel is a product of petroleum.    
    ::风不是一种新型能源。 事实上,风已经使用了数千年。 直到过去200年才减少了风能的使用。 在此之前,是风为航海的船舶提供动力。 在过去200年中,船只从风力转向使用化石燃料。 化石燃料被燃烧来生产动力来运行船舶发动机。 大约200年前,船只开始使用发动机而不是帆船。煤炭成为能源来源。 现代船只使用柴油燃料。柴油燃料是石油的产物。 柴油燃料是石油的产物。

    Farmers too have used the power of wind. Windmills are a common feature on farms. They are used to gather wind energy. This energy is used to pump water and do other useful work. On many modern farms, windmills are now just a rusty relic. They represent a memory of a time long past. Most modern farms have now switched to electricity. Electricity now supplies their energy needs. The electricity is produced in a power plant. Most power plants burn fossil fuels. Fossil fuels have more or less taken over. Fossil fuels now produce the energy that was once supplied by wind. 
    ::农民也使用了风力。风力车是农场的一个常见特征,它们用来收集风能。这种能源被用来泵水和做其他有用的工作。在许多现代农场,风力车现在只是生锈的遗迹。它们代表着古老的记忆。现在大多数现代农场已经转向用电。电力现在供应他们的能源需求。电力是由发电厂生产的。大多数发电厂燃烧化石燃料。化石燃料或多或少被取代。化石燃料现在产生曾经由风提供的能源。

    Why do you think wind is so important? Simply put, wind is moving air. Moving air has kinetic energy. Anything that has kinetic energy has the ability to do work. Wind turbines change the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy. This form of energy production is also free of pollution. Why are there not wind turbines everywhere? 
    ::为什么你认为风如此重要?简言之,风在移动空气。空气运动有动能。任何有动能的事物都有工作能力。风力涡轮机将风能改变为电能。这种能源生产形式也没有污染。为什么没有风力涡轮机?

    Unfortunately, only certain areas of the world are suited for wind turbines. Wind turbines need a steady wind to be cost effective. Some areas of the world are just not windy enough.  Also, many people think that wind turbines are noisy and unattractive. See for yourself!
    ::不幸的是,世界上只有某些地区适合风力涡轮机。 风力涡轮机需要稳定的风才能具有成本效益。 世界上有些地区只是不够风力。 而且,许多人认为风力涡轮机是吵闹和不吸引人的。 你自己看看!

     

     

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    This old-fashioned windmill captures wind energy that is used for pumping water out of a well. Windmills like this one have been used for centuries.

    Moving Water
    ::移动水

    People have used moving water as a form of energy for thousands of years. Water power is the energy derived from moving water. Water power is sometimes called hydropower. Since ancient times, moving water has been used by many industries. Grist mills used moving water to grind wheat and corn. Lumber was cut at sawmills that were powered by moving water. Local economies prospered from being located on rivers and streams.
    ::数千年来,人们一直将移动水作为一种能源,水力是移动水产生的能源,水力有时被称为水力发电,自古以来,移动水被许多行业所使用,Grist 磨坊将移动水用于研磨小麦和玉米,Lumber在用移动水发电的锯木厂被切割,当地经济从河流和溪流上发展而繁荣。

    Historically, the power of moving water was captured by simple water wheels. Water wheels have been used for a long time. They are used to capture the energy from moving water. More recently, engineers have come up with a different way to capture the power of water.  A flowing stream only contains a little energy. In contrast, falling water has a lot more useful energy. 
    ::在历史上,移动水的动力被简单的水轮所捕捉。 水轮被使用了很长时间。 它们被用来从移动水中捕捉能量。 最近,工程师提出了另一种方法来捕捉水力。 流动水流中只有少量能量。 相反, 下降水的能量更有用。

    New structures have been built to capture this energy. They are called hydroelectric plants. They are used to capture the energy from falling water. The energy of falling water is converted into electricity. Electricity can then be sent through wires to where it is needed. No longer does an industry need to be located on a river or stream. For example, the Dam at Niagara Falls supplies Buffalo, New York with electricity. The distance between these two locations is over 20 miles.
    ::为了捕捉这种能源,已经建造了新的结构,称为水力发电厂,用于从水流中获取能源。水下水的能量被转换为电力。然后电力可以通过电线输送到需要的地方。不再需要在河流或溪流上找到工业。例如,纽约尼亚加拉瀑布的水坝为水牛提供了电力。这两个地点之间的距离超过20英里。

    Instead of paddle wheels, hydroelectric plants use rotating turbines. Turbines contain copper wires and magnets. When wire is moved through a magnetic field, it produces an electric current. These turbines harness the power of falling water. As the water falls through these turbines, it forces them to spin. Large coils of wire spin inside a ring of magnets. This motion converts the water's kinetic energy into electricity. The power plant workers can control the flow of water. It is sort of like adjusting the water faucet in your home. By controlling the flow of water, they can regulate the amount of electricity produced. Some of these plants can produce large amounts of electricity. 
    ::水力发电站使用旋转涡轮,而不是桨轮,水力发电站使用旋转涡轮。涡轮装有铜线和磁铁。当电线通过磁场移动时,它产生电流。这些涡轮机控制着自来水的电流。当水流通过这些涡轮下降时,它迫使它们旋转。巨大的电线圈在磁铁圈内旋转。这个运动将水的动能转换成电。电动能可以控制水流。电厂工人可以控制水流。这就像调整你家的水龙头。通过控制水流,它们可以调节发电量。有些电厂可以生产大量电力。

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    Like wind power, moving water also has kinetic energy. As you know, anything that has kinetic energy has the ability to do work. It does not matter the type of device used. The process is always the same. Kinetic energy of moving water is changed into electrical energy. Electrical energy can be moved great distances. For example, the Hoover dam was built between Arizona and Nevada. It generates electricity for both of these states. It even has energy left over. With the spare it can supply parts of southern California.
    ::像风力一样,移动水也有动能。如你所知,任何具有动能的事物都有工作能力。不管使用的设备类型是什么。这一过程总是一样。移动水的动能被改变为电能。电能可以移动很远。例如,霍弗大坝是在亚利桑那州和内华达州之间建造的,为这两个州发电。它甚至还有剩余能源。它拥有的备件可以供应南加州的部分。

    A drawback of dams is that they flood land upstream. They can also reduce water flow downstream. Either effect may harm ecosystems. Dams do have advantages. They are a renewable energy resource. They also do not produce pollution.  
    ::水坝的缺点是它们淹没了上游的土地,它们也可以减少下游的水流量。 这两种影响都可能会损害生态系统。 水坝确实有优势,它们是可再生能源资源,也不会产生污染。

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    Both wind and moving water are renewable resources. This means they will never run out. They also do not produce pollution. Pollution damages the environment and may affect the climate. Scientists are working hard to find the best ways to use wind and water effectively.  
    ::风能和移动水都是可再生资源,这意味着它们永远不会用完,也不会产生污染,污染破坏环境,可能影响气候,科学家们正在努力寻找有效使用风能和水的最佳方法。

    Lesson Review Questions
    ::经验回顾问题

    Recall
    ::回顾

    1. Today, wind energy is making a comeback. Do you know why?
      ::今天,风能正在回升,知道为什么吗?
    1. What might be advantages of using the wind for energy? 
      ::用风换能源有什么好处?
    1. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using moving water for energy.
      ::说明将移动水用于能源的利弊。