章节大纲

  • 常规

    全部折叠 展开全部

  • Plasma 等离

    Glowing plasma ball demonstrating energy discharges and the characteristics of plasma state.

    This glowing sphere is matter in a particular state. You’re probably familiar with the most common on Earth— , , and . But the glowing sphere is a state of matter called plasma. The plasma ball pictured above was made by humans, but plasma is also found in nature. In fact, plasma makes up most of the matter in the universe.
    ::这个发光的球体在特定状态中很重要。你可能熟悉地球上最常见的球体 — — 以及。但发光球是一个叫做等离子体的物质状态。上面的等离子体球是由人类制造的,但等离子体也在自然中被发现。事实上,等离子体是宇宙中大部分物质的一部分。

    What Is Plasma?
    ::什么是等离子体?

    Plasma is a state of matter that resembles a gas but has certain properties that gases do not have. Like a gas, plasma consists of particles of matter than can pull apart and spread out, so it lacks a fixed volume and a fixed shape. Unlike a gas, plasma can conduct electricity and respond to a magnetic field . That’s because plasma consists of electrically charged particles called , instead of uncharged particles such as atoms or molecules. This gives plasma other interesting properties as well. For example, plasma glows with colored light when electricity passes through it. 
    ::等离子体是一种物质状态,类似于气体,但具有气体所不具备的某些特性。像气体一样,等离子体由物质粒子组成,不能分离和扩散,因此没有固定的体积和固定形状。与气体不同,等离子体可以进行电力和对磁场作出反应。这是因为等离子体由电荷粒子组成,而不是原子或分子等无电颗粒组成。这给等离子体带来其他有趣的特性。例如,等离子体通过电流时会用彩光发光。

    Where Is Plasma Found?
    ::等离子体在哪里被发现?

    The sun and other stars consist of plasma. Plasma is also found naturally in lightning and in the northern and southern lights. If you’ve never seen these shimmering colorful lights in the winter night sky, the Figure shows what they can look like. Human-made plasmas are found in fluorescent lights, plasma TV screens, and plasma spheres like the one pictured in the opening image.
    ::太阳和其他恒星由等离子体组成。 等离子体在闪电中以及在北光和南光中也是自然发现的。 如果你从未见过这些在冬夜天空闪闪发光的彩色光亮,图则显示了它们长得如何。 荧光灯、等离子电视屏幕和像开映图像中描绘的等离子体球中都发现了人为等离子体。

    Colorful northern lights illuminating the sky over a snowy landscape.

    Northern lights.
    ::北方灯光

    Q: Besides the northern lights, where are other examples of plasma in this picture?
    ::问题:除了北极光以外, 照片中其他等离子体的例子在哪里?

    A: The stars consist of plasma.
    ::A:恒星由等离子体组成。

    Q: What properties of plasma do you think explain why this state of matter is used in ?
    ::问题:你认为等离子体的什么属性解释为什么物质状态被用于?

    A: Plasma consists of charged particles called ions, so it conducts electric current and glows when electricity passes through it. These properties explain why plasma is used in artificial lights.
    ::A:等离子由电源粒子组成,称为离子,因此它能进行电流和电流穿透电流时会发光。这些特性解释了等离子为什么用于人造灯。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Plasma is a state of matter that lacks a fixed volume and a fixed shape and consists of charged particles called ions. Because it consists of charged particles, plasma can conduct electricity and respond to a magnetic field.
      ::等离子体是一种物质状态,缺乏固定体积和固定形状,由称为离子的带电颗粒组成,由于由带电颗粒组成,等离子体可以进行电流和对磁场作出反应。
    • The sun and other stars consist of plasma. Plasma is also found naturally in lightning and the northern and southern lights. Human-made plasma is found in fluorescent lights, plasma TV screens, and plasma spheres.
      ::太阳和其他恒星由等离子体组成,等离子体在闪电、北光和南光中也自然可见,人造等离子体在荧光灯、等离子电视屏幕和等离子体中可见。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is plasma?
      ::什么是等离子体?
    2. What are some properties of plasma?
      ::等离子体的一些属性是什么?
    3. Explain why plasma can conduct electricity and respond to magnetism.
      ::解释等离子体为何能进行电力和磁力反应。
    4. Give examples of plasma in nature.
      ::举例说明血浆的性质。