5.11合金合金
Section outline
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such as iron are useful for many purposes because of their unique properties. For example, they can conduct electricity and bend without breaking. However, pure metals may be less useful than mixtures of metals with other . For example, adding a little carbon to iron makes it much stronger. This is called steel. Steel is so strong that it can hold up huge bridges, like the one pictured above. Steel is also used to make skyscrapers, cargo ships, cars, and trains. Steel is an example of an alloy.
::例如,铁因其独特性能,可以用于许多目的。例如,它们可以进行电力和弯曲,而不会断裂。但是,纯金属可能比金属与其他金属的混合物更不起作用。例如,在铁中添加一点碳使其更强。这叫钢。钢是如此坚固,可以支撑巨大的桥梁,如上面所描绘的桥梁。钢也用来制造摩天大楼、货轮、汽车和火车。钢是合金的一个例子。What Are Alloys?
::什么是合金?An alloy is a mixture of a metal with one or more other elements. The other elements may be metals, , or both. An alloy is formed by a metal and dissolving the other elements in it. The molten solution is then allowed to cool and harden. Alloys generally have more useful properties than pure metals. Most metal objects are made of alloys rather than pure metals. Objects made of four different alloys are shown and described in the Figure . If you have braces on your teeth, you might even have this alloy in your mouth!
::合金是金属与一种或多种其他元素的混合物。其他元素可以是金属,也可以是两种元素。合金由金属组成,溶解其中的其他元素。熔化溶液随后允许冷却和硬化。合金通常比纯金属更有用。多数金属物体是由合金而不是纯金属制成的。由四种不同合金制成的物体在图中显示和描述。如果你牙齿上有牙套,你甚至可能嘴里有这种合金。Brass saxophone: Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. It is softer than bronze and easier to shape. It's also very shiny. Notice the curved pieces in this shiny brass saxophone. Brass is used for shaping many other curved objects, such as doorknobs and plumbing fixtures. Stainless steel sink: Stainless steel is a type of steel that contains nickel and chromium in addition to carbon and iron. It is shiny, strong, and resistant to rusting. This makes it useful for sinks, eating utensils, and other objects that are exposed to water. "Gold" bracelet: Pure gold is relatively soft, so it is rarely used for jewelry. Most "gold" jewelry is actually made of an alloy of gold, copper and silver. Bronze statue: Bronze was the first alloy ever made. The earliest bronze dates back many thousands of years. Bronze is a mixture of copper and tin. Both copper and tin are relatively soft metals, but mixed together in bronze they are much harder. Bronze has been used for statues, coins, and other objects.
::蓝铜(Bras)是铜和锌的合金。 它比铜和锌柔软, 并且更容易形成。 它也非常亮。 注意这个闪亮的黄铜萨x风琴中的弯曲片。 布拉斯用于塑造许多其他弯曲的物体, 如门把手和管道固定装置。 无锈钢槽: 无锈钢是种钢, 除了碳和铁外, 含有镍和铬。 它闪亮、 坚固、 耐锈蚀。 它比铜质强, 比铜质更软, 并且更容易形成。 这使它对汇、 食用坚固, 以及接触水的其他物体都有用 。 “ 黄金” 手镯: 纯金的手镯相对柔软, 所以很少用于珠宝。 大多数“ 黄金” 首饰实际上是金、 铜和银的合金。 铜雕像: 青铜是最早的首饰。 青铜是数千年前的青铜和锡的混合物。 铜和锡是相对软的金属, 但是铜和锡混在一起, 铜合在一起, 铜和其它的物品都更难。 铜是雕塑。Q: Sterling silver is an alloy that is used to make fine jewelry. What elements do you think sterling silver contains? What properties might sterling silver have that make it more useful than pure silver?
::问题:Sterling银是一种合金,用来制作精美的首饰。你认为正银含有哪些元素?银能使其比纯银更有用吗?A: Most sterling silver is about 93 percent silver and about 7 percent copper. Sterling silver is harder and stronger than pure silver, while retaining the malleability and luster of pure silver.
::A:大部分银银约93%是银,约7%是铜。石银比纯银更坚硬,更坚固,同时保持纯银的可容性和光滑性。What the video below to see what happens when gold and mercury form alloy.
::下面的视频是什么来观察金和汞形成合金时会发生什么。Summary
::摘要-
An alloy is a mixture of a metal with one or more other elements. An alloy generally has properties that make it more useful than the pure metal.
::合金是金属与一种或多种其他元素的混合物,合金通常具有比纯金属更有用的特性。 -
Examples of alloys include steel, bronze, and brass.
::合金的例子包括钢、铜和铜。
Review
::回顾-
What is an alloy? Describe an example.
::什么是合金? -
What are some useful ways alloys may differ from pure metals?
::一些有用的合金可能不同于纯金属的方法是什么?
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An alloy is a mixture of a metal with one or more other elements. An alloy generally has properties that make it more useful than the pure metal.
