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  • 燃烧反应

    Performer showcases fire breathing in a dramatic nighttime performance.

    Don’t try this at home! This performer isn’t really eating fire, but he still puts on an impressive show. You know that fire is dangerous. It’s hot, it can burn you, and it can easily get out of control. But do you know what fire is? Fire is the result of a . Whenever something burns, a type of reaction called a combustion reaction occurs.
    ::不要在家里尝试这个!这个表演者其实不是在吃火,但是他仍然在做一个令人印象深刻的表演。 你知道火是危险的。 火很热,会烧死你,很容易失控。 但是你知道什么是火吗?火是火的结果。 当有东西烧伤时,就有一种反应,叫做燃烧反应。

    What Is A Combustion Reaction?
    ::什么是燃烧反应?

    A combustion reaction occurs when a substance reacts quickly with oxygen (O 2 ). For example, in the Figure , charcoal is combining with oxygen. Combustion is commonly called burning, and the substance that burns is usually referred to as fuel. The products of a complete combustion reaction include carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water vapor (H 2 O). The reaction typically gives off and light as well. The general equation for a complete combustion reaction is:
    ::燃烧反应发生于物质与氧(O2)迅速反应时。例如,在图2中,木炭与氧结合。燃烧通常被称为燃烧,燃烧的物质通常被称为燃料。燃烧反应的产物包括二氧化碳(CO2)和水蒸气(H2O)。反应通常会释放和发光。完全燃烧反应的一般方程式是:

    Fuel + O 2 → CO 2 + H 2 O

    Charcoal burning in a grill, illustrating a combustion reaction with oxygen.

    The burning of charcoal is a combustion reaction.
    ::燃烧木炭是一种燃烧反应。

    Combustion of Hydrocarbons
    ::碳氢化合物燃烧

    The fuel that burns in a combustion reaction contains compounds called . Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). The charcoal pictured in the Figure consists of hydrocarbons. So do fossil fuels such as natural . Natural gas is a fuel that is commonly used in home furnaces and gas stoves. The main component of natural gas is the hydrocarbon called methane (CH 4 ). You can see a methane flame in the Figure . The combustion of methane is represented by the equation:
    ::燃烧反应中燃烧的燃料含有被称为.碳氢化合物的化合物。碳氢化合物只含有碳(C)和氢(H)。图中描绘的木炭由碳氢化合物组成。天然气等化石燃料也是如此。天然气是家庭炉灶和燃气炉中常用的燃料。天然气的主要成分是甲烷(CH4)。图中可以看到甲烷火焰。甲烷燃烧由公式表示:

    CH 4 + 2O 2 → CO 2 + 2H 2 O

    A blue methane flame burning on a gas stove with a pot above it.

    The combustion of methane gas heats a pot on a stove.
    ::甲烷气体的燃烧使炉灶上的一个锅热。

    Q: Sometimes the flame on a gas stove isn’t just blue but has some yellow or orange in it. Why might this occur?
    ::问:有时煤气炉的火焰不仅仅是蓝色的,

    A: If the flame isn’t just blue, the methane isn’t getting enough oxygen to burn completely, leaving some of the carbon unburned. The flame will also not be as hot as a completely blue flame for the same reason.
    ::如果火焰不仅仅是蓝色的,甲烷也没有获得足够氧气来完全燃烧,因此一些碳没有燃烧。 出于同样的原因,火焰也不会像完全蓝色的火焰那样热。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • A complete combustion reaction occurs when a fuel reacts quickly with oxygen (O 2 ) and produces carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O). The general equation for a complete combustion reaction is: Fuel + O 2 → CO 2 + H 2 O
      ::当燃料与氧(O2)迅速反应并产生二氧化碳(CO2)和水(H2O)时,即发生完全燃烧反应。
    • The fuel that burns in a combustion reaction usually consists of hydrocarbons, which contain only carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). An example of a hydrocarbon is methane (CH 4 ), the main component of natural gas.
      ::燃烧反应中燃烧的燃料通常由碳氢化合物组成,碳氢化合物只含有碳(C)和氢(H)。 碳氢化合物的例子之一是天然气的主要成分甲烷(CH4)。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is a combustion reaction?
      ::什么是燃烧反应?
    2. Write the general equation for a combustion reaction.
      ::编写燃烧反应的一般方程。
    3. When iron rusts, it slowly combines with oxygen to form iron oxide. Is rusting a combustion reaction?
      ::当铁锈生锈时,它慢慢地结合氧气形成氧化铁。 生锈是燃烧反应吗?

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Watch the video about combustion reactions and then answer the questions below.
    ::观看关于燃烧反应的视频,然后回答下面的问题。

     

     

      

    1. When does complete combustion occur? What are the products of complete combustion?
      ::何时发生完全燃烧?全面燃烧的产品是什么?
    2. When does incomplete combustion occur? What are the products of incomplete combustion?
      ::何时发生不完全燃烧?不完全燃烧的产品是什么?