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  • General

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  • 拆散率

    A woman holding a glass of iced tea, smiling while sitting at a table.

    If you’re like Tanya in this picture, you prefer your iced tea sweetened with sugar. Sweetened iced tea is a solution in which sugar (the solute) is dissolved in cold tea, which is mostly water (the solvent). When you add sugar to tea, particles of water pull apart particles of sugar. The particles of sugar spread throughout the tea, making all of it taste sweet.
    ::如果你像塔尼亚(Tanya ) , 你更喜欢用糖来加糖的冰茶。 甜甜的冰茶是一种溶液,糖(溶液)用冷茶溶解,主要是水(溶剂 ) 。 当你在茶里加糖时,水的粒子将糖的颗粒分离开来。 糖的粒子遍布茶里,使糖的味道都甜甜。

    Factors That Affect the Rate of Dissolving
    ::影响解体率的因素

    Did you ever get impatient and start drinking a sweetened drink before all the sugar has dissolved? As you drink the last few drops, you notice that some of the sugar is sitting on the bottom of the container.
    ::在糖溶解之前你有没有急着去喝点甜的饮料?当你喝最后几滴糖的时候,你注意到一些糖就放在容器的底部。

    Q: What could you do to dissolve the sugar faster?
    ::问:你能做些什么来加快糖溶解速度?

    A: The rate of dissolving is influenced by several factors, including stirring, of solvent , and size of solute particles. 
    ::A:溶解速度受若干因素的影响,包括溶剂的振动和溶液颗粒的大小。

    Stirring
    ::纹理

    Stirring a solute into a solvent speeds up the rate of dissolving because it helps distribute the solute particles throughout the solvent. For example, when you add sugar to iced tea and then stir the tea, the sugar will dissolve faster. If you don’t stir the iced tea, the sugar may eventually dissolve, but it will take much longer.
    ::将溶液塞进溶剂会加快溶解速度,因为它有助于溶液颗粒在整个溶剂中分布。 比如,当你在冰茶中添加糖,然后搅拌茶时,糖会更快溶解。 如果你不搅拌冰茶,糖最终会溶解,但需要更长的时间。

    Temperature
    ::温度

    The temperature of the solvent is another factor that affects how fast a solute dissolves. Generally, a solute dissolves faster in a warmer solvent than it does in a cooler solvent because particles have more of movement. For example, if you add the same amount of sugar to a cup of hot tea and a cup of iced tea, the sugar will dissolve faster in the hot tea.
    ::溶剂的温度是影响溶液溶解速度的另一个因素。 一般而言,溶液溶解速度比冷却溶剂溶解速度快,因为粒子的移动速度要快。例如,如果在一杯热茶和一杯冰茶中添加同样数量的糖,那么糖会在热茶中更快溶解。

    Particle Size
    ::粒子大小

    A third factor that affects the rate of dissolving is the size of solute particles. For a given amount of solute, smaller particles have greater surface area. With greater surface area, there can be more contact between particles of . For example, if you put granulated sugar in a glass of iced tea, it will dissolve more quickly than the same amount of sugar in a cube (see Figure ). That’s because all those tiny particles of granulated sugar have greater total surface area than a single sugar cube.
    ::影响溶解速度的第三个因素是溶液粒子的大小。对于给定数量的溶液,较小的颗粒的表面面积更大。如果面积更大,那么粒子之间的接触可能更多。例如,如果将颗粒糖放在冰茶杯中,溶解速度会比立方体中相同数量的糖(见图 ) 更快。这是因为所有微粒颗粒糖的总表面面积都比一个糖块要大。

    A pile of white sugar cubes illustrating solute particle size affecting the rate of dissolving.

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • The rate of dissolving of a solute in a solvent is faster when the solute and solvent are stirred, the solvent is warmer, or the solute consists of smaller particles with more surface area.
      ::当溶液和溶剂被搅拌、溶剂变暖或溶液由面积更大的小颗粒组成时,溶剂溶液溶解速度更快。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. List three factors that affect the rate at which a solute dissolves in a solvent.
      ::列出影响溶液溶解剂溶解速度的三个因素。
    2. Gina is trying to dissolve bath salts in her bathwater. How could she speed up the rate of dissolving?
      ::吉娜试图在浴池里溶解浴盐 她怎么能加速溶解速度呢?