7.6 饱和度
Section outline
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You could add all the sugar in this scoop to the water in the measuring container, and all the sugar would dissolve, forming a sugar-water solution. A solution is a of two or more substances in which the substances are mixed evenly throughout. The substance that dissolves in a solution is the solute . In this case the solute is sugar. The substance that does the dissolving—in this case, the water—is the solvent . Sugar is one of the most soluble solutes in water. This means that more of it can dissolve in water than is true of many other solutes. However, there is a limit on how much of any solute—even sugar—will dissolve in water or other given solvent.
::你可以把所有糖加到水中, 糖会溶解, 形成糖水溶液。 溶液是由两种或两种以上物质组成的, 物质在整个溶液中均匀混合。 溶液溶解的物质是溶液。 溶液是溶液。 溶液是糖。 溶液是溶解的物质—— 在本案中, 溶液是溶液。 糖是水中最易溶溶溶解的溶液之一。 这意味着溶液中溶解的物质比其他溶液中溶解的物质多得多。 但是,任何溶液—— 甚至糖—— 都会在水中溶解或其它溶剂中溶解的含量有限度。Saturated vs. Unsaturated Solutions
::饱和对不饱和解决方案The maximum amount of sugar that will dissolve in a liter of 20 °C water is 2000 grams. A sugar-water solution that contains 1 liter of water and 2000 grams of sugar is said to be saturated. A saturated solution is a solution that contains as much solute as can dissolve in a given solvent at a given . If you add more than 2000 grams of sugar to a liter of 20 °C water, the extra sugar won’t dissolve. On the other hand, a solution containing less than 2000 g of sugar in 1 liter of 20 °C water can hold more sugar. A solution that contains less solute than can dissolve at a given temperature is called an unsaturated solution .
::20°C水中溶解的最大糖量为 2000 克。 含1 升水和 2000 克糖的糖水溶液据说是饱和的。 饱和溶液是一种溶液,溶液中溶液的溶液最大,溶液最大,溶液在给定的溶剂中溶解的溶液最大。 如果在20 °C水中加2 000 克糖,额外的糖不会溶解。 另一方面,含2 000克以下糖的溶液在20 °C 水的1 升水中可以持有更多的糖。 溶液中溶液的溶液比在给定的温度下溶解的溶液低,叫做不饱和溶解的溶液。Saturation Depends on the Solute
::饱和度取决于 SoluteThe Figure shows the amounts of several different solutes that will dissolve in a liter of water at 20 °C. As you can see from the graph, solutes vary greatly in how soluble they are in water. For example, you can dissolve almost 20 times as much sugar as baking soda in the same amount of water at this temperature.
::图中显示了在20°C时在水一升水中溶解的若干不同溶液的含量。从图表中可以看出,溶液在水中的溶解度差异很大。例如,在这种温度下,糖的溶解量几乎是苏打水的20倍。Q: Assume that a solution contains 150 grams of Epsom salt in 1 liter of water at 20 °C. Is the solution saturated or unsaturated?
::问题:假定溶液在20°C时含有1升水中的150克Epsom盐。 溶液是饱和的还是不饱和的?A: A saturated solution of Epsom salt in 1 liter of 20 °C water would contain 250 grams of Epsom salt. Therefore, this solution is unsaturated. It can hold another 100 grams of Epsom salt.
::A:1升20°C的水中,Epsom盐的饱和溶液将含有250克Epsom盐,因此,这一溶液是不饱和的,可再持有100克Epsom盐。Q: What do you think would happen if you added more than 250 grams of Epsom salt to a liter of 20 °C water?
::问题:如果你在一升20°C的水中加注超过250克Epsom盐,A: Any Epsom salt over 250 grams would not dissolve in the solution.
::A:任何超过250克的Epsom盐不会溶解在溶液中。Summary
::摘要-
A saturated solution is a solution that contains as much solute as can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature. An unsaturated solution is a solution that contains less solute than can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature.
::饱和溶液是一种溶液,其溶液中溶液的溶液可以溶解到一定温度的溶剂中。不饱和溶液是一种溶液,其溶液溶液的溶液比在一定温度的溶剂溶解的溶液的溶液要低。 -
Solutes differ in their solubility in a given solvent. Therefore, a saturated solution of one solute might contain more or less solute than a saturated solution of a different solute.
::溶剂溶解性与溶剂溶解性不尽相同,因此,一个溶剂的饱和溶液可能含有或多或少的溶液,而不是不同溶剂的饱和溶液。
Review
::回顾-
Contrast saturated and unsaturated solutions.
::对比饱和和不饱和的解决方案。 -
Describe an example of an unsaturated solution of table salt in 1 liter of 20 °C water.
::描述一个20°C水1升表盐不饱和溶液的例子。 -
Miguel added 150 grams of baking soda to a liter of water at 20 °C. No matter how long he keeps stirring the solution, he can’t get all of the baking soda to dissolve. Explain why.
::Miguel在20°C的一公升水中加了150克苏打汽水。 不管他持续搅拌多久,
Resources
::资源 -
A saturated solution is a solution that contains as much solute as can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature. An unsaturated solution is a solution that contains less solute than can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature.
