18.3 电磁频谱
Section outline
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It’s a warm sunny Saturday, and Michael and Lavar have a big day planned. They’re going to ride across town to meet their friends and then go to the zoo. The boys may not realize it, but they will be bombarded by electromagnetic radiation as they ride their bikes and walk around the zoo grounds. The only kinds of radiation they can detect are visible light , which allows them to see, and infrared light , which they feel as warmth on their skin.
::这是一个温暖的阳光明媚的星期六,迈克尔和拉瓦尔计划了一个大日子。 他们要骑车穿过城镇去见朋友,然后去动物园。 男孩们可能没有意识到这一点,但他们骑着自行车在动物园周围行走时会受到电磁辐射的轰炸。 他们唯一能检测到的辐射是可见的光线和红外线光,他们认为这些光在皮肤上是温暖的。Q: Besides visible light and infrared light, what other kinds of electromagnetic radiation will the boys be exposed to in sunlight?
::问:除了可见的光和红外光外,男孩们在阳光下还会接触其他何种电磁辐射?A: Sunlight consists of all the different kinds of electromagnetic radiation, from harmless to deadly . Fortunately, Earth’s atmosphere prevents most of the harmful radiation from reaching Earth’s surface. You can read about the different kinds of electromagnetic radiation in this article.
::问题:太阳由各种电磁辐射组成,从无害到致命。 幸运的是,地球大气层阻止了大部分有害辐射到达地球表面。 你可以读到这篇文章中不同种类的电磁辐射。Electromagnetic Radiation
::电磁辐射Electromagnetic radiation is that travels in waves across space as well as through matter. Most of the electromagnetic radiation on Earth comes from the sun. Like other waves, are characterized by certain and wave frequencies. Wavelength is the between two corresponding points on adjacent waves. is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time. Electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelengths have higher frequencies and more energy.
::电磁辐射是指在空间和物质之间的波浪穿行。地球上的电磁辐射大多来自太阳。与其他波浪一样,它具有一定的频率和波波频率的特征。波长是相邻波浪的两个对应点。波长是在一定时间内通过固定点的波数。波长较短的电磁波的频率更高,能量也更多。A Spectrum of Electromagnetic Waves
::电磁波的光谱Visible light and infrared light are just a small part of the full range of electromagnetic radiation, which is called the electromagnetic spectrum . You can see the waves of the electromagnetic spectrum in the Figure . At the top of the diagram, the wavelengths of the waves are given. Also included are objects that are about the same size as the corresponding wavelengths. The frequencies of the waves are shown at the bottom of the diagram.
::可见光和红外线光只是整个电磁辐射范围的一小部分,即电磁频谱。您可以在图中看到电磁频谱的波。在图表的顶部,给出波的波长。还包括与相应的波长大小大致相同的物体。波的频率在图表的底部显示。-
On the left side of the electromagnetic spectrum diagram are radio waves and
. Radio waves have the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies of all electromagnetic waves. They also have the least amount of energy.
::电磁频谱图左侧是无线电波和无线电波。无线电波的波长最长,频率最低。无线电波的能量也最少。 -
On the right side of the diagram are
and gamma rays. They have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies of all electromagnetic waves. They also have the most energy.
::图表的右侧是伽马射线。它们拥有所有电磁波中最短的波长和最高频率。它们也拥有最强的能量。 -
Between these two extremes are waves that are commonly called light. Light includes infrared light, visible light, and
ultraviolet light
. Their wavelengths, frequencies, and energy levels of light fall in between those of radio waves on the left and X-rays and gamma rays on the right.
::这两极之间的极端是通常称为光的波浪,光包括红外光、可见光和紫外线光。它们的波长、频率和光的能量水平在左边的无线电波与X射线和右边的伽马射线之间。
Q: Which type of electromagnetic wave has the longest wavelengths?
::问题:哪种电磁波的波长最长?A: Radio waves have the longest wavelengths.
::A:无线电波的波长最长。Q: What sources of infrared light are shown in the diagram?
::问题:图表中显示哪些红外线光源?A: The sources in the diagram are people and light bulbs, but all living things and most other objects give off infrared light.
::A:图中的来源是人和灯泡,但所有生物和大多数其他物体都发出红外线灯光。Launch the Light Wave simulation below to visualize the different types of electromagnetic waves. Be sure to check out the objects of comparable size next to the Electromagnetic Spectrum to help you grasp just how big or small these waves can be:
::启动下面的光波模拟, 以视觉化不同类型的电磁波。 请务必检查电磁谱体旁边大小相似的物体, 以便帮助您了解这些波体的大小 :Summary
::摘要-
Electromagnetic radiation travels in waves through space or matter. Electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelengths have higher frequencies and more energy.
::电磁辐射在波浪中穿越空间或物质,波长较短的电磁波的频率较高,能量也更多。 -
The full range of electromagnetic radiation is called the electromagnetic spectrum. From longest to shortest wavelengths, it includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays.
::电磁辐射的全范围称为电磁频谱,包括无线电波、微波、红外光、可见光、紫外光、X射线和伽马射线。
Review
::回顾-
Describe the relationship between the wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves.
::描述电磁波波波长和频率之间的关系。 -
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
::电磁频谱是什么? -
Which electromagnetic waves have the longest wavelengths?
::哪个电磁波的波长最长? -
Out of infrared, visible, and ultraviolet bands of light, which has the highest frequencies?
::红外线、可见光和紫外线光带外,哪个频率最高? -
Explain why gamma rays are the most dangerous of all electromagnetic waves.
::解释为什么伽马射线 是所有电磁波中最危险的
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On the left side of the electromagnetic spectrum diagram are radio waves and
. Radio waves have the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies of all electromagnetic waves. They also have the least amount of energy.
