1.5物质的物理性质
章节大纲
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Lesson Objectives
::经验教训目标- Compare and contrast the basic properties of solids, liquids, and gases, such as mass, volume, color, texture, and temperature.
::比较和比较固体、液体和气体的基本特性,如质量、体积、颜色、质地和温度。
Lesson Vocabulary
::词汇表课程- atom
::原子原子
- gas
::气体气体气体
- liquid
::液态液体
- mass
::质量
- matter
::事项
- physical property
::物质财产或物质财产或物质财产的
- solid
::固体
- state of matter
::事态状况
- texture
::纹理纹理
- temperature
::温度温度
- volume
::音量量
Introduction
::导言Both of these people are participating in a board sport. The man on the left is snowboarding in Norway. The woman on the right is sandboarding in Dubai. Snow and sand are both kinds of matter, but they have different properties. What are some ways snow and sand differ? One difference is the temperature at which they melt. Snow melts at 0°C. In contrast, sand melts at about 1600°C! Ouch, that is really hot! That's probably why you haven't ever seen melted sand. The temperature at which something melts is its point. Melting point is just one of many physical .
::这两人都在参加板球运动。 左边的男子在挪威滑雪。 右边的女子在迪拜滑雪。 雪和沙是两种物质, 但它们都有不同的特性。 哪些是雪和沙的不同? 一种是它们融化的温度。 雪在0°C时融化。 相反, 沙在大约1600°C时会融化! 哎哟, 沙在大约1600°C时会融化! 太热了! 这可能是你从未见过融化的沙子的原因。 熔化的温度是它的点。 熔点只是许多物理点之一 。What Are Physical Properties?
::什么是自然属性?Physical properties of matter can be measured and observed. Physical properties can be detected with your . For example, they may be things that you can see, hear, smell, feel, or even taste.
::物质物理特性可以测量和观察。物理特性可以通过您的 。例如,它们可能是你能看见、听觉、嗅觉、感觉、甚至品味的东西。Q: What are some differences between snow and sand? Which senses could you use to find out the differences?
::问题:雪和沙之间有什么区别?你能用什么感官来发现这些区别?A: You can see that snow and sand have a different . You can also feel that snow is softer than sand. Both color and hardness are physical . You can notice that ice will melt at room temperature. Sand will remain a solid at room temperature.
::A:你可以看到,雪和沙不同。你也可以感觉到,雪比沙柔软。颜色和硬度都是物理的。你可以注意到,冰会在室温下融化。在室温下,沙会保持坚固。Examples of Physical Properties
::物理属性实例Physical properties include the state of matter. We know these states as solid, liquid, or gas. Properties can also include color and odor. For example, oxygen is a gas. It is a major part of the air we breathe. It is colorless and odorless. Chlorine is also a gas. In contrast to oxygen, chlorine is greenish in color. It has a strong, sharp odor. Have you ever smelled cleaning products used around your home? If so, you have probably smelled chlorine. Another place you might smell chlorine is at a public swimming pool. The chlorine is used to kill bacteria that may grow in the water.
::物理特性包括物质状态。 我们知道这些状态是固体、液体或气体。 属性也可以包括颜色和气味。 例如, 氧气是一种气体。 它是我们呼吸的空气中的主要部分。 它是无色和无味的。 氯也是一种气体。 与氧气相比, 氯是绿色的。 它有强烈而尖锐的气味。 你是否闻到过家里使用的清洁产品? 如果有, 你可能闻到了氯气味。 另一个闻到氯味的地方是在公共游泳池中。 氯用来杀死可能在水中生长的细菌。Other physical properties include hardness, freezing, and boiling points. Some substances have the ability to dissolve in other substances. Some substances cannot be dissolved. For example, salt easily dissolves in water. Oil does not dissolve in water. Some substances may have the ability to conduct heat or electricity. Some substances resist the flow of electricity and heat. These properties are demonstrated in Figure . Can you think of other physical properties?
::其他物理特性包括硬性、冷冻和沸点。有些物质有能力溶解于其他物质中。有些物质不能溶解。例如,盐很容易溶解于水中。石油不会溶解于水中。有些物质可能有能力进行热力或电能。有些物质可以阻断电力和热力的流动。图中显示了这些特性。你能想到其他物理特性吗?These are just a few of the physical properties of matter.
::这些只是物质的一些物理特性。The video below compares physical properties.
::以下视频比较了物理特性。Lesson Summary
::经验教训摘要- Physical properties can be measured or observed. Physical properties are typically things you can detect with your .
::可以测量或观测物理属性。物理属性通常是与您一起可以检测到的东西。
- Examples of physical properties of matter include point, , hardness, state of matter, odor, and point.
::物质物理属性的例子包括点、硬度、物质状态、气味和点。
Lesson Review Questions
::经验回顾问题- What is a physical property of matter?
::什么是物质物质财产?
- List three examples of physical properties.
::列举三个物理属性的例子。
- Compare and contrast two physical properties of apples and oranges.
::比较和对比苹果和橙子的两个物理特性。
- Compare and contrast the basic properties of solids, liquids, and gases, such as mass, volume, color, texture, and temperature.
