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  • General

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  • 细菌性传染感染

    Microscopic view showing chlamydia bacteria among other cells, highlighting potential dangers.

    Single-celled organisms. Can they be dangerous?
    ::单细胞生物 它们有危险吗?

    These are chlamydia . Innocent-looking single-celled organisms . But these can lead to painful and devastating consequences.
    ::这些是衣原体,不光彩的单细胞生物,但可能导致痛苦和毁灭性的后果。

    Bacterial STIs
    ::细菌性传染感染

    Many are caused by bacteria. Some of the most common bacterial STIs are chlamydia, gonorrhea , and syphilis . Bacterial STIs can be cured with antibiotics .
    ::许多是细菌引起的,有些最常见的细菌性传染疾病是衣原体、淋病和梅毒。细菌性传染疾病可以用抗生素治愈。

    Chlamydia
    ::衣原体

    Chlamydia is the most common STI in the United States. As shown in the graph in Figure , females are much more likely than males to develop chlamydia. Like most STIs, rates of chlamydia are highest in teens and young adults.
    ::衣原体是美国最常见的性传染感染,如图图所示,女性比男性更有可能发展衣原体,与大多数性传染感染一样,衣原体在青少年和青年中的比率最高。

    Graph showing chlamydia rates by sex and age in the U.S. for 2004.

    This graph shows the number of cases of chlamydia per 100,000 people in the U.S. in 2004. Which age group had the highest rates? How much higher were the rates for females aged 15–19 than for males in the same age group?
    ::本图显示了2004年美国每10万人中衣原体感染病例的数量,哪个年龄组的比率最高?15-19岁女性的感染率比同一年龄组男性高多少?

    Symptoms of chlamydia may include a burning sensation during urination and a discharge from the vagina or penis . Chlamydia can be cured with antibiotics , but often there are no symptoms, so people do not seek treatment. Untreated chlamydia can lead to more serious problems, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) . This is an infection of the uterus , fallopian tubes , and/or ovaries . It can scar a woman’s reproductive organs and make it difficult for her to become pregnant.
    ::衣原体的症状可能包括尿尿期间的烧灼感和阴道或阴茎的排出。 衣原体可以用抗生素治愈,但通常没有症状,因此人们不会寻求治疗。 未经治疗的衣原体可能导致更严重的问题,如骨盆炎症(PID ) 。 这是子宫、输卵管和(或)卵巢的感染。 这可能给妇女的生殖器官造成伤痕,使她难以怀孕。

      

     

    Gonorrhea
    ::淋淋病

    Gonorrhea is another common STI. Symptoms of gonorrhea may include painful urination and discharge from the vagina or penis. Gonorrhea usually can be cured with antibiotics, although the bacteria have developed resistance to many of the drugs . Gonorrhea infections may not cause symptoms, especially in females, so they often go untreated. Untreated gonorrhea can lead to PID in females. It can lead to inflammation of the reproductive organs in males as well.
    ::淋病是另一种常见的性传播感染。淋病症状可能包括痛苦的尿道和阴道或阴茎排出。淋病通常可以用抗生素治愈,尽管细菌对许多药物有抗药性。淋病感染可能不会造成症状,特别是女性,因此往往得不到治疗。未经治疗的淋病可能导致女性的生殖缺血症。它也会导致男性生殖器官的炎症。

    Syphilis
    ::梅毒

    Syphilis is less common than chlamydia or gonorrhea but more serious if untreated. Early symptoms of syphilis infection include a small sore on or near the genitals. The sore is painless and heals on its own, so it may go unnoticed. If treated early, most cases of syphilis can be cured with antibiotics. Untreated syphilis can cause serious damage to the heart, brain , and other organs. It may eventually lead to death.
    ::梅毒与衣原体或淋病相比不常见,但未经治疗则更为严重。梅毒感染的早期症状包括生殖器上或附近的小疼痛。疼痛是无痛的,可以自行愈合,因此可能无人注意。如果早期治疗,大多数梅毒病例都可以用抗生素治愈。未经治疗的梅毒会严重损害心脏、大脑和其他器官。它最终可能导致死亡。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Bacterial STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
      ::细菌性传染疾病包括衣原体、淋病和梅毒。
    • Bacterial STIs usually can be cured with antibiotics.
      ::细菌性传染疾病通常可以用抗生素治愈。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Identify three common STIs that are caused by bacteria.
      ::查明细菌引起的三种常见性传染感染。
    2. Often, STIs do not cause symptoms. Why is it important to detect and treat STIs even when they do not cause symptoms? Give an example of the consequences of an untreated STI.
      ::性传播感染往往不会造成症状,为什么即使不造成症状也要发现和治疗性传播感染呢?举一个未经处理的性传播感染的后果的例子。
    3. Which age group had the highest rates of chlamydia? How much higher were the rates for females aged 15–19 than for males in the same age group?
      ::哪个年龄组的衣原体发病率最高?15-19岁女性的发病率比同一年龄组男性高多少?
    4. Explain how a lack of symptoms might contribute to the spread of STIs.
      ::说明缺乏症状会如何助长性传播感染的蔓延。