Section outline

  • General

    Collapse all Expand all

  • 强强弱电解解器

    Car battery showing warning symbols and identification labels.

    Can car batteries be hazardous?
    ::汽车电池是否有危险?

    Car , like the one shown above, are used around the world to provide the power to start car engines.  One essential component of car batteries is the strong electrolyte sulfuric .  In the battery, this material ionizes into hydrogen and sulfate ions.  As the battery is used, the of these ions decrease.  Older batteries had openings in the top where new sulfuric acid could be added to replenish the supply.  Today, batteries are sealed to prevent leakage of the hazardous sulfuric acid.
    ::汽车和上面所展示的汽车一样,被世界各地用来提供启动汽车发动机的动力。汽车电池的一个基本组成部分是强电解硫。在电池中,这种材料电离化成氢和硫酸离子。随着电池的使用,这些离子会减少。旧电池顶部有开口,可以添加新的硫酸来补充供应。今天,电池密封以防止危险的硫酸泄漏。

    Strong and Weak Electrolytes
    ::强强弱电解解器

    Some polar are nonelectrolytes when they are in their pure state, but become electrolytes when they are dissolved in water.  Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a in its pure molecular state and is a nonelectrolyte.  However, when HCl is dissolved in water, it conducts a current well because the HCl molecule ionizes into hydrogen and chloride ions.
    ::有些极地在纯状态下是非电解物,但在水溶解后成为电解物。 氢氯化物(HCl)是纯分子状态,是非电解物。 但是,当HCl在水溶解时,它会流出水井,因为HCl分子将离子化为氢和氯化离子。

    HCl( g ) → H + ( aq ) + Cl - ( aq )
    ::HCl(g) H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

    When HCl is dissolved into water, it is called hydrochloric acid.  and some polar compounds are completely broken apart into ions and thus conduct a current very well.  A strong electrolyte is a solution in which a large fraction of the dissolved solute exists as ions.
    ::当HCl溶解到水中时,它被称为盐酸。 一些极地化合物被完全拆解成离子,从而进行水流井。 强电解液是一种溶液,溶解溶液的很大一部分以离子形式存在。

    Some other polar molecular compounds become electrolytes upon being dissolved into water, but do not ionize to very great extent.  Gaseous nitrous acid ionizes in solution into hydrogen ions and nitrite ions, but does so very weakly.  Aqueous nitrous acid is composed of only about 5% ions and 95% intact nitrous acid molecules.  A weak electrolyte is a solution in which only a small fraction of the dissolved solute exists as ions.  The equation showing the ionization of a weak electrolyte utilizes a double arrow indicating an equilibrium between the reactants and products.
    ::某些其他极分子化合物在溶解到水中后会变成电解液,但不会发生很大的电离作用。气态氮酸离子在溶液中会进入氢离子和亚硝酸离子,但会非常微弱。水态氮酸由大约5%的离子和95%完整的氮酸分子组成。弱电解液是一种溶液,溶解溶液中只有一小部分溶解溶液作为离子存在。表明弱电解离子化的方程式使用了两箭,表明反应器和产品之间的平衡。

     

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • A strong electrolyte exists mainly as ions in solution.
      ::强大的电解液主要作为离子溶解而存在。
    • A weak electrolyte has only a small amount of ionization in solution.
      ::弱电解液的溶液只有少量离子化。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Is gaseous HCl an electrolyte or a nonelectrolyte?
      ::气体 HCl 是电解剂还是非电解剂?
    2. What happens to gaseous HCl when it dissolves in water?
      ::当气体HCl溶解在水中时会怎样?
    3. What is a strong electrolyte?
      ::什么是强电解法?
    4. What is a weak electrolyte?
      ::什么是弱电解法?
    5. Is HNO 3  a strong electrolyte or a weak electrolyte?
      ::HNO3是强电解液还是弱电解液?