Section outline

  • General

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  • 反应机制和初级步骤

    Workers assembling parts of an airplane on an assembly line in a large factory.

    What goes up in the air?
    ::空气中会发生什么?

    What most people see of an airplane is the final product. They do not see the long, complex assembly line that begins with a few parts and gradually becomes the finished product. Assembly lines are intricate organizations that go through a series of complicated steps to bring hundreds (maybe thousands) of parts together into the completed aircraft.
    ::多数人对飞机的看法是最终产品。 他们看不到从几部分开始并逐渐成为成品的长而复杂的组装线。 组装线是复杂的组织,通过一系列复杂的步骤将数百个(可能数千个)部件合并到完成的飞机上。

    Reaction Mechanisms and the Elementary Step
    ::反应机制和初级步骤

    rarely occur in one simple step. The overall balanced equation for a chemical reaction does not always tell us how a reaction actually proceeds. In many cases, the overall reaction takes place in a series of small steps. An elementary step (or elementary reaction) is one step in a series of simple reactions that show the progress of a reaction at the molecular level. A reaction mechanism is the sequence of elementary steps that together comprise an entire chemical reaction. As an analogy, consider the route that you might take while driving to the grocery store. That route may consist of several turns, similar to the elementary steps. The overall reaction specifies only the beginning point (your house) and the final destination (the store), with no information about the specifics in between.
    ::化学反应的总体平衡方程式并不总能告诉我们反应的实际过程。 在许多情况下, 整体反应是在一系列小步骤中发生的。 基本步骤( 或基本反应) 是一系列简单反应中的一个步骤, 显示分子一级反应的进展。 反应机制是包含整个化学反应的基本步骤的顺序。 作为类比, 想想你开车去杂货店时可能走的路。 这条路线可能有几个转折, 类似于基本步骤。 总体反应只指明起点( 你的房子) 和最终目的地( 仓库) , 没有关于两者之间具体内容的信息 。

     

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • The idea of a reaction mechanism is described.
      ::报告阐述了反应机制的想法。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Do chemical reactions usually occur in a single step?
      ::化学品反应通常是否仅一步就发生?
    2. What does the overall balanced equation not tell us?
      ::总体平衡的等式没有告诉我们什么?
    3. How do overall reactions usually proceed?
      ::总体反应通常如何进行?