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  • 细胞呼吸中的Mittochondria- 高级

    Mitochondrion structure

    Why does this organelle have such a distinct internal structure?
    ::为什么这个机关有这样一个独特的内部结构?

    It is the many internal folds of the inner membrane that allow to be efficient at producing ATP . Also, in the presence of oxygen, the is highly efficient. However, that need lots of energy may have thousands of these organelles.
    ::正是内膜内部的许多内部折叠使得能够高效地生产ATP。 另外,在氧气存在的情况下,它也非常高效。 然而,需要大量能量的这些有机体可能拥有数千个。

    Structure of the Mitochondrion: Key to Aerobic Respiration
    ::Mittochondrion结构:有氧呼吸关键

    The aerobic phases of cellular respiration in eukaryotes occur within organelles called mitochondria . These aerobic phases are the and the electron transport chain . A detailed look at the structure of the mitochondrion ( Figure  ) helps to explain its role in the last stage of respiration , the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are sometimes referred to as the "power plants" of the cell, as these are the organelles that generate most of the cell's supply of ATP.
    ::eukaryotes 中细胞呼吸的有氧阶段发生在称为 Mitochondria 的有机物中。 这些有氧阶段是电子运输链。 详细查看米托昆卓( Figure ) 的结构有助于解释其在呼吸的最后阶段即电子运输链中的作用。 密托贡德里亚有时被称为细胞的“ 电厂 ” , 因为这些是产生细胞大部分ATP供应的有机体。

    Two separate membranes form the mitochondrion. The inner membrane folds into cristae which divide the organelle into three compartments: the intermembrane space (between outer and inner membranes), cristae space (formed by infoldings of the inner membrane), and the matrix (within the inner membrane). The Krebs Cycle takes place within the matrix. The compartments are critical for the electron transport chain structure and function. occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, with the products of glycolysis entering the mitochondria to continue cellular respiration.
    ::两种不同的膜形成线粒体。 内膜折叠成圆锥形, 将有机体分为三个区块: 中间空间( 外层和内层膜间) 、 红斑空间( 由内膜内层的叠叠组成) 和矩阵( 内膜内层) 。 Krebs 循环在矩阵内进行 。 隔板对于电子运输链结构和功能至关重要 。 在细胞的细胞图层中发生 , 血解产品进入米托昆得里亚以继续细胞呼吸 。

    Mitochondria
    Mitochondria, organelles specialized to carry out aerobic respiration, contain an inner membrane folded into cristae, which form two separate compartments: the inner membrane space and the matrix. The Krebs Cycle takes place in the matrix. The electron transport chain is embedded in the inner membrane and uses both compartments to make ATP by chemiosmosis. Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes, resembling those of prokaryotic organisms.

    Mitochondrial Compartments
    ::米托昆德里综合体

    The double membrane nature of the mitochondria results in five distinct compartments, each with an important role in cellular respiration. These compartments are:
    ::乳腺膜的双重性质导致五个不同的区块,每个区块在细胞呼吸中起着重要作用。

    1. the outer mitochondrial membrane,
      ::外皮薄膜,
    2. the intermembrane space (the space between the outer and inner membranes),
      ::空间(外层空间与内膜之间的空间),
    3. the inner mitochondrial membrane,
      ::内膜膜,
    4. the cristae (formed by infoldings of the inner membrane), and
      ::山羊座(以内膜的叠叠而成),
    5. the matrix (space within the inner membrane).
      ::矩阵(内膜内的空间)。

    The roles of these compartments in cellular respiration include:
    ::细胞呼吸中的这些隔间的作用包括:

    1. the outer mitochondrial membrane: allows for the establishment of the inter-membrane space,
      ::外线粒体膜:允许建立组合间空间,
    2. the intermembrane space: holds protons that are pumped out of the matrix during ,
      ::中间空间: 持有质子, 质子从矩阵中抽出 ,
    3. the inner mitochondrial membrane: organizes the electron transport chain and holds ATP synthase ,
      ::内线粒体膜:组织电子运输链并持有ATP合成酶,
    4. the cristae: expand the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane, enhancing its ability to produce ATP, and
      ::clistae:扩大内膜膜表面面积,提高生产ATP的能力,以及
    5. the matrix: site of ATP synthesis and the location of the Krebs cycle.
      ::矩阵:ATP合成站点和Krebs周期的位置。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Mitochondria are organelles whose membranes are specialized for aerobic respiration.
      ::Mitochondria是有机体,其膜专门用于有氧呼吸。
    • The matrix of the mitochondria is the site of Krebs Cycle reactions.
      ::Mitochondria的矩阵是 Krebs循环反应的站点。
    • The electron transport chain and most ATP synthesis rely on the compartments created by the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
      ::电子运输链和大部分ATP合成依赖米托乔翁德里亚内膜创造的隔板。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. List and describe the five compartments of the mitochondrion.
      ::列出并描述米托昆德里翁的五个隔间。
    2. Identify the sites of the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.
      ::查明Krebs循环站点和电子运输链。