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  • 食品和营养品

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    What happens when you don't eat?
    ::你不吃会怎么样?

    Refusing one meal won't stunt your growth. But lack of proper food over a period of time can lead to malnutrition. That means the body is not getting enough nutrients to grow and stay healthy. Kids who are malnourished may not grow as tall as they would otherwise.
    ::拒绝一顿饭不会阻碍你的成长。 但一段时间内缺乏合适的食物会导致营养不良。 这意味着身体没有足够的营养来生长和保持健康。 营养不良的儿童可能不会像否则那样高。

    Why We Need Food
    ::为什么我们需要食物

    Did you ever hear the old saying, An apple a day keeps the doctor away ? Do apples really prevent you from getting sick? Probably not, but eating apples and other fresh fruits can help keep you healthy. Do you eat your vegetables? Maybe you do, but you may have friends who won't touch a piece of broccoli or asparagus. Should you eat these foods and food like them? The girls pictured in the Figure are eating salads. Why do you need foods like these for good health? What role does food play in the body?
    ::你有没有听到一句古老的话:一个苹果一天能让医生离开?苹果真的能阻止你生病吗?也许没有,但吃苹果和其他新鲜水果能帮助你保持健康。你吃蔬菜吗?也许可以,但有些朋友不会碰一块西兰花或羊肉。你应该吃这些食物吗?图中描绘的姑娘们吃沙拉,为什么你需要这种食物来保持健康?食物在身体中扮演什么角色?

    Leafy green vegetables are an excellent choice for staying healthy
    These girls are eating leafy green vegetables. Fresh vegetables such as these are excellent food choices for good health.

    Your body needs food for three reasons:
    ::身体需要食物有三个原因:

    1. Food gives your body energy . You need energy for everything you do. Remember that converts the glucose in the food you eat into ATP , or cellular energy. Which has more glucose, a salad or a piece of meat? Do you remember what types of foods produce glucose? Recall that glucose is the product of .
      ::食物能提供身体能量。 您需要能量来满足您所做的一切。 记住那些能将您所吃的食物中的葡萄糖转换成ATP, 或细胞能量。 哪些会有更多的葡萄糖、 沙拉或肉类? 您还记得哪种食品能生产葡萄糖吗? 请记住葡萄糖是其产物 。
    2. Food provides building materials for your body. Your body needs building materials so it can grow and repair itself. Specifically, it needs these materials to produce more and its components.
      ::食物为身体提供建筑材料。你的身体需要建筑材料才能生长和修复自己。具体地说,它需要这些材料来生产更多的材料及其组件。
    3. Food contains substances that help control body processes. Your body processes must be kept in balance for good health.
      ::食物含有有助于控制身体过程的物质。为了身体健康,必须保持身体过程的平衡。

    For all these reasons, you must have a regular supply of nutrients. Nutrients are chemicals in food that your body needs. There are five .
    ::基于所有这些原因,你必须定期供应营养物质。营养物质是身体需要的食物中的化学物质。有五种。

    4. Vitamins
      ::维生素
    5. Minerals
      ::矿物

    Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are categories of . They give your body energy, though carbohydrates are the main source of energy. Proteins provide building materials, such as amino acids to build your own proteins. Proteins, vitamins, and minerals also help control body processes. Carbohydrates include sugars such as the glucose made by photosynthesis. Often glucose is stored in large molecules such as starch . Proteins are found in foods like meats and nuts. Lipids includes fats and oils. Though you should stay away from many types of fats, others are needed by your body. Important vitamins include vitamins A, B (multiple types) C, D, and E. Important minerals include calcium and potassium. What should you drink to get calcium? Milk is a good source.
    ::碳水化合物、 蛋白质和脂类是分类的。 虽然碳水化合物是主要的能源来源, 它们能提供你的身体能量。 蛋白质提供建筑材料, 如氨基酸来建立自己的蛋白质。 蛋白质、 维他命和矿物质也有助于控制身体过程。 碳水化合物包括糖, 如光合作用制造的葡萄糖。 葡萄糖通常储存在大分子中, 如恒星。 蛋白质存在于肉类和坚果等食物中。 蛋白质包括脂肪和油。 嘴唇包括脂肪和油。 尽管你应该远离许多种类的脂肪, 你的身体也需要其他的维生素。 重要的维生素包括维生素A、 B (多种类型) C、 D 和 E。 重要的矿物质包括钙和钾。 您应该喝什么来获取钙? 牛奶是一种很好的来源 。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Your body needs food to obtain energy, to get building blocks for your body, and to get substances that help control body processes.
      ::身体需要食物才能获得能量 获得身体的构件 获得有助于控制身体过程的物质
    • Nutrients, chemicals in food that your body needs, include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals.
      ::营养物,你身体需要的食品中的化学物质 包括碳水化合物,蛋白质,脂类,维生素和矿物质

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    • Nutrition at (6:39)
      ::营养状况(6:39)

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    1. What is nutrition?
      ::什么是营养?
    2. What do organisms use "food" for?
      ::有机体使用“食物”做什么?
    3. What is a heterotroph? Are humans autotrophic or heterotrophic?
      ::什么是血化?人类是自发的还是血化的?
    4. What are the three types of heterotrophic organisms?
      ::三种血化生物是什么类型?

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Why does your body need food? Give two reasons.
      ::为什么身体需要食物?
    2. What are nutrients?
      ::什么是养分?
    3. What are the five types of nutrients?
      ::五类养分是什么?
    4. Why are carbohydrates a necessary part of your diet?
      ::为什么碳水化合物是 你饮食的必要部分?
    5. Why are proteins a necessary part of your diet?
      ::为什么蛋白质是你饮食的必要组成部分?