0. 0 名词
章节大纲
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What do you already know?
::你已经知道些什么了?Try the exercise on pronoun agreement on the link ↓ below. Take notes on any specific questions you have, so that you can find answers more quickly. Do not worry about getting 100% yet! Hopefully, by the end of this chapter, you can go back to this exercise to see what you have learned.
::请在下面尝试关于链接的代名词协议的练习。 注意您的任何特定问题, 以便您能够更快地找到答案 。 不要担心获得100%的答案 ! 希望到本章结束时, 您可以回到这个练习中去, 看看您学到了什么 。
Pronouns Introduction
::一. 导言Pronoun
::普罗诺Any word that replaces a noun in a sentence. Like determiners, there are many kinds of pronouns: singular, plural, subject, object and indefinite are the ones we will look at in this chapter.Pronouns act like nouns. They take the same position in the sentence, and can be the subject or object in a sentence. Each kind of pronoun has its own rules, but the two most important things to remember are that:
::代名词的举止像名词一样。他们在句子上采取同样的立场,在句子上可以是主题或对象。每种代名词都有自己的规则,但最重要的两件事是:-
You need to mention the noun the pronoun is replacing in the same sentence or the sentence before
. The noun that comes before the pronoun is called the
antecedent.
If you do not have a clear antecedent for your pronoun, your reader or listener won't know what your pronoun is referring to. We will talk about this more later.
::您需要提及代名词正在用同一个句子或之前的句子替换代名词。代名词之前出现的代名词被称为前代词。如果你对代名词没有明确的预言,您的读者或听众将不知道您的代名词指的是什么。我们稍后再讨论。 -
The number of your pronoun and your noun need to match. This is called
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
.
If you replace a plural noun with a pronoun, your pronoun must also be plural. The same is true for singular nouns and pronouns.
::您的代名词数和名词需要匹配的名词数。 这被称为 Pronoun- Ancececeent 协议 。 如果您用代名词替换了多元名词, 您的代名词也必须是多元的。 单名词和代名词也是如此。
Problems with pronouns are one of the most common mistakes for both fluent and student-speakers of English. Knowing and practicing these rules is going to help you avoid many of the common mistakes we all make when using pronouns.
::名词问题是英语流利者和学生-讲英语者最常见的错误之一。 了解和运用这些规则有助于避免我们在使用名词时犯的许多常见错误。
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Plural and Singular Pronouns
::预人-前人协定:多元和单人预人Watch the video by below for more information on pronouns and pronoun-antecedent agreement.
::更多关于代名词和代名词协议的信息。Once you are finished with the video, check your answers by doing the exercises on Khan Academy in the link below.
::影片完成后,请通过在Khan学院进行以下链接的练习,查看您的答案。Note: All Khan Academy content is available for free at ( ,
::注:所有Khan学院的内容均可免费在(a)和(b)处查阅。
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Indefinite Pronouns and Conjunctions
::普罗诺恩-古代协定:无限期普罗诺恩和枢纽协定Read the article in the link below. Pay special attention to the rules for:
::阅读以下链接中的这一条。要特别注意下列规则:-
plural and singular
indefinite
pronouns,
::复数和单数 无限期代名词, -
plural and singular
pronouns
with conjunctions
,
::复数和单名词与连字符, -
plural and singular
pronouns with
collective nouns
.
::具有集体名词的复数和单名词。
After you have finished reading, write a short summary of the rules for each category below in your own words. You may also want to include example sentences, pictures or charts to help you remember.
::阅读完成后,请用您自己的语言为以下每一类别写下规则的简短摘要。您还可能想要包含示例句、图片或图表来帮助您记住。-
plural and singular indefinite pronouns
::复数和单数不限代名词 -
pronouns with conjunctions
::具有连联作用的名词 -
collective nouns
::集体名词
You may also want to print the reading if it helps you to review.
::您也可以打印读数,如果它有助于您阅读的话。
Gender and Pronouns
::性别与代名人
There is another kind of pronoun called a personal pronoun . This pronoun often shows us the gender (man, woman, or non-binary, etc.) of the noun it replaces. Objects, places, ideas, things and sometimes animals in English do not (usually) get a gender pronoun. However, people do get gender pronouns in English. This can be a problem for some people because they do not identify with a certain gender.
::还有另一种代名词,叫做个人代名词。这种代名词经常向我们展示它所取代的代名词的性别(男人、女人或非二进制等 ) 。英语中的对象、地点、想法、事物和动物通常不会(通常)获得性别代名词。然而,人们确实会得到英语中的性别代名词。这对一些人来说可能是一个问题,因为他们不认同某一性别。As a rule, it is very important to respect the pronouns a person uses to describe himself/herself/themself . Some people will tell you right away what pronouns they use, but it is usually ok to ask, "What are your pronouns?" or "What pronouns do you use?" if you are not sure.
::通常,尊重一个人用来描述自己的代名词非常重要。 有些人会马上告诉你他们使用什么代名词,但通常可以问:“你的代名词是什么? ”或者“你用什么代名词呢? ”如果你不确定的话。Please also know, there are other pronouns besides "they" that people may use. Always use the pronoun a person asks you to use, even if you have never learned it before.
::也请知道,除了“他们”以外,还有其他代名词,人们可以使用。 总是使用一个人要求你使用的代名词,即使你以前从未学过。
Let's Review
::让我们回顾一下-
There are two main rules to remember when you use pronouns
: the pronoun needs to be close enough to the noun (antecedent) to have a clear meaning, and the pronoun must match the number of the noun it replaces.
::使用代名词时要记住两个主要规则:代名词必须足够接近代名词(代名词)以具有明确的含义,代名词必须与其取代的代名词数相匹配。 -
Each
and
Every
take a singular pronoun.
::每个人拿一个单一的代名词。 -
When using the conjunctions
but
and
or,
match the pronoun to the closest antecedent.
::当使用连接时, 但是和或者, 匹配代名词到最接近的前身 。 -
Memorize indefinite pronouns that are singular.
::记住那些独一无二的 无限期的代名词 -
Some indefinite pronouns can be singular
or
plural depending on what comes after the pronoun.
::有些无限期的代名词可以是单数或复数,视代名词之后的情况而定。 -
Named collective nouns, including businesses, schools and organizations, take singular pronouns.
::命名的集体名词,包括企业、学校和组织,采用单一名词。 -
Always respect the pronouns someone asks you to use for them.
::总是尊重代名词 有人叫你用来代名词
Practice
::实践实践实践To practice, you can go back up to the link at the beginning of the chapter. You can also explore the links below:
::实践时,您可以回到该章开头的链接。您还可以探讨以下链接:
Homework
::家庭工作Complete the handout linked below in your notebook. You an also print the page and fill in the answers to submit in class.
::在您的笔记本中完成以下链接的施舍。 您也可以打印页面, 填写要在课堂上提交的答案 。 -
You need to mention the noun the pronoun is replacing in the same sentence or the sentence before
. The noun that comes before the pronoun is called the
antecedent.
If you do not have a clear antecedent for your pronoun, your reader or listener won't know what your pronoun is referring to. We will talk about this more later.