12.17 乳胶细胞模子 -- -- 高级
章节大纲
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What is that thing? Can it possibly be alive?
::那东西是什么 它能活着吗What you are seeing is “Dog Vomit” Slime Mold. This slime mold looks like its name, but it's definitely alive.
::你所看到的是“狗喷雾”Slime Mold。这个粘液模具看起来像它的名字,但它绝对是活的。Class Myxogastria: Plasmodial Slime Molds
::甲状腺类:Members of the Class Myxogastria are also known as plasmodial or acellular slime molds. This class is represented by 888 of slime molds. Myxogastria, which were formerly known as Myxomycota slime molds, can form swarm that aggregate , fuse, form a sporangia , sporulate, and return to amoebal or swarm cell stages. The Myxomycota themselves are haploid and can switch between amoeboid and flagellated forms. The gametes fuse into a zygote , which then becomes a plasmodium, which can produce fruit-like spores.
::甲状腺素类动物也被称为微模或细胞状粘液模子。这一类动物有888种粘液模子。前称Myxomycota粘液模子的甲状腺素可以形成群状体,聚集、结合、形成螺旋、发泡和返回亚摩巴或群状细胞阶段。甲状腺素本身很杂乱,可以切换成甲状腺和旗状形态。游乐团可以连接成一个zygote,然后变成一个可产生类似水果的微粒的微粒。Phylum Dictyosteliomycota: Cellular Slime Molds
::薄膜二晶晶体球菌:细胞胶片The dictyostelids are a group of cellular slime molds. When food is readily available, the dictyostelids take the form of individual amoebae, which feed and divide normally. However, when the food supply is exhausted, they aggregate together to form a multicellular assembly called a pseudoplasmodium . The individual cells signal each other using cyclic AMP. This initiates the formation of the pseudoplasmodium. The pseudoplasmodium has definite anterior and posterior ends, responds to light and temperature gradients, and has the ability to move. The large blob-like mass glides along on its own secretions, engulfing , , and decaying organic matter for food.
::dictyostelid是一组细胞粘液模子。当食物随时可得时,dityostyolids采取个体阿米巴的形式,通常供养和分解。然而,当食物供应耗尽时,它们聚集在一起形成一个多细胞组,称为假分子。单个细胞使用循环AMP互相信号。这开始形成伪分子。伪分子的前额和后部有明确的尾部和后端,对光和温度梯度作出反应,并有能力移动。大型浮质状大滑翔在自己的分泌、吞没和腐烂的食品有机物质上。Pseudoplasmodium formation by the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is a good example of how slime mold cells come together. The mechanism relies on the release of chemical signals by the cells. One cell, the founder of the colony, begins to secrete the chemical signal in response to stress. Other cells detect this signal and respond to it by either moving towards the signal or making more of the chemical to boost the distress signal.
::细胞粘液模子Dictyosterium dicoideum 形成的化生质板分子形成,是粘液模子细胞聚集起来的一个很好的例子。这个机制依赖于细胞释放化学信号。一个细胞,即聚国的创始人,开始对化学信号进行秘密,以回应压力。其他细胞检测到这个信号并作出反应,要么向信号移动,要么制造更多化学信号来推进求救信号。The life cycle of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. The pseudoplasmodium, or slug, can change shape and move toward food. Under the correct circumstances, the pseudoplasmodium matures, forming a fruiting body, as shown in Figure , with a stalk supporting one or more balls of spores. When it reaches a location it finds suitable, the cells will pile upon each other to form a pillar of cells, with each being able to produce spores. These spores are inactive cells protected by resistant cell walls and become new amoebae once food is available. Spores germinate into more amoebae, which can reproduce asexually.
::如图所示,在正确的情况下,伪虫本成熟,形成一个果体,形成一种果实体,如图所示,一个尾巴支持一种或多种螺旋球。当细胞到达一个合适的地点时,细胞会相互堆积,形成细胞的柱子,每个细胞都能够产生螺旋。这些螺旋是受耐用的细胞壁保护的不活动细胞,一旦食物供应,就会成为新的阿摩尔虫。 螺旋发芽成更多的阿摩尔虫,可以发生性关系。Summary
::摘要-
The dictyostelids are a group of cellular slime molds.
::狄氏体是一组细胞粘液模子。 -
When food is readily available, the dictyostelids take the form of individual amoebae, which feed and divide normally.
::当粮食随时可得时,单体骨类动物采取个体阿米赛形式,通常喂养和分解。 -
When the food supply is exhausted, the dictyostelids aggregate together to form a multicellular assembly called a pseudoplasmodium.
::当食物供应耗尽时,单细胞类动物聚集在一起,形成一种多细胞组装,称为伪分子。
Review
::回顾-
How do individual slime mold cells signal each other to form a pseudoplasmodium?
::单个粘液模子细胞如何互相信号 形成假象状的? -
How does a pseudoplasmodium transform into a fruiting body?
::假形是如何变成果实体的?
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The dictyostelids are a group of cellular slime molds.
