章节大纲

  • 常规

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  • 地下水沉积

    Stalactites and stalagmites in Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico, formed by mineral deposition from groundwater.

     

    Where would you look for a spectacular cave like this one?
    ::你会在什么地方找这么壮观的洞穴?

     dissolves   and   into  ions . Groundwater deposits those ions into different types of structures. Limestone caves are the best place to see these structures.  Water  erodes the cave and it has deposits structures like  stalactites  and  stalagmites . The cave pictured here is Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico.
    ::溶液和离子。地下水将这些离子沉入不同类型的结构中。 岩石洞是看这些结构的最佳场所。 水侵蚀了洞穴,并有沉积结构, 如石化物和斯塔拉热物。 这里描绘的洞穴是新墨西哥的卡尔斯巴德洞穴。

    Cave Deposits
    ::洞穴存款存款

    Caves are known for their spectacular mineral structures. Caves are likely to be found in limestone where the groundwater level has gone down. This exposes the cave and its features.  Stalactites  are beautiful icicle-like formations. They form as water containing calcium  carbonate  drips from the ceiling of a cave. The word "stalactite" has a "c," and it forms from the ceiling.  Stalagmites  form as calcium carbonate drips from the ceiling to the floor of a cave. The stalagmite grow upward. The "g" in "stalagmite" means it forms on the ground. You can see examples of both stalactites and stalagmites below ( Figure   ).
    ::洞穴以其壮观的矿物结构而闻名。 洞穴很可能在地下水位下降的石灰岩中找到。 这暴露了洞穴及其特征。 石灰岩是美丽的冰柱状构造。 它们形成为洞穴顶部含碳酸钙滴水的水。 “ 石灰土” 这个词有一个“ c ” , 它从天花板形成。 岩浆形成为从天花板到洞穴地板的碳酸钙滴水。 岩浆向上生长。 “ 岩浆石” 中的“ g” 表示它形成在地上。 您可以看到下面的石灰岩和岩浆( Figre) 的例子 。

    Cave interior displaying stalactites from the ceiling and stalagmites on the floor.

     

    Stalactites hang from the ceiling and stalagmites rise from the floor of a cave. The two together form a column.
    ::天花板上挂着的定律物和从洞穴地板上浮起的定律物。两者合起来形成一个柱子。

    If a stalactite and stalagmite join together, they form a  column . One of the wonders of visiting a cave is to witness the beauty of these amazing and strangely captivating structures.
    ::如果石化石和石化石合在一起,它们就会形成一个柱子。参观洞穴的奇迹之一就是见证这些惊人和奇异的诱人结构的美丽。

    Giant Crystals
    ::巨型水晶

    Some of the largest, and most beautiful, natural crystals can be found in the Naica mine, in Mexico. These gypsum crystals were formed over thousands of years. Groundwater that is rich in calcium and sulfur flowed through an underground cave. Check it out:
    ::在墨西哥的纳伊卡矿中可以找到一些最大和最美丽的自然晶体。这些石膏晶体是几千年来形成的。地表水中含有大量钙和硫磺,从地下洞穴中流出。请看看:

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Groundwater dissolves minerals and carries the ions in solution.
      ::地下水溶解矿物,并携带离子溶解。
    • Groundwater deposits the material in caves as stalactites, stalagmites, and columns.
      ::地下水将物质沉淀在洞穴中,如定律石、定律石和柱状石。
    • Giant crystals may be found in caves.
      ::巨大的晶体可能在洞穴中发现

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. How does water create depositional features in a cave?
      ::水如何在洞穴中产生沉积特征?
    1. What are stalactites, stalagmites, and columns?
      ::什么是天体、天体和柱子?
    1. Where is the groundwater in a cave we can visit?
      ::洞穴里的地下水在哪里?