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  • 妇女生殖系统生殖系统机构 -- -- 高级

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    Think producing millions of each day is complicated?
    ::每天产生数以百万计的思绪很复杂吗?

    If producing millions of sperm each day, as in the male reproductive system , is complicated, that is nothing compared to what must occur in the . This system is controlled by an intricate dance of , cycles, and events.
    ::如果像男性生殖系统一样,每天生产成百万的精子是复杂的,那么与在该系统中必须发生的情况相比,这还不算什么。 这个系统是由由复杂的舞蹈、循环和事件所控制的。

    Female Reproductive Organs
    ::妇女生殖机构

    The female reproductive system is shown in Figure  . Only a few of the structures are external to the body. All the main reproductive organs are internal.
    ::图3显示了女性生殖系统。只有少数几个结构是身体外部结构,所有主要生殖器官都是内部生殖器官。

    Female reproductive organs
    Female Reproductive Structures. Organs of the female reproductive system include the vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.

    External Organs
    ::外部机关 外部机关

    The external female reproductive structures are collectively referred to as the vulva . They include the labia and mons pubis. The labia are the “lips” of the vulva. They protect the vagina and urethra , both of which have openings in the vulva. The mons pubis consists of fatty tissue covering the pubic . It protects the pubic bone and vulva from injury.
    ::外部女性生殖结构统称为阴道,包括阴唇和阴唇,阴唇是阴唇的“唇”,它们保护阴道和尿道,两者都有阴道和尿道的开口,阴唇由覆盖阴唇的脂肪组织组成,它保护阴骨和阴唇免受伤害。

    Internal Organs
    ::内部机关内部机关

    The internal female reproductive organs include the vagina, uterus , fallopian tubes , and ovaries . These organs are shown from the front, without any other structures blocking them, in  Figure . This makes it easier to see the shapes and sizes of the organs and where they are located relative to one another.
    ::体内的女性生殖器官包括阴道、子宫、输卵管和卵巢,这些器官从前面显示,没有任何其他挡住这些器官的结构,图中也显示了这些器官。 这使得更容易看到器官的形状和大小以及它们彼此相邻的位置。

    Internal female reproductive organs.
    Internal female reproductive organs.

    The vagina is a tube-like structure about 8 to 10 centimeters long. It begins at the vulva and extends to the uterus. It has muscular walls lined with mucous membranes. The vagina has two major reproductive functions. It receives sperm during sexual intercourse, and it provides a passageway for a baby to leave the mother’s body during birth.
    ::阴道是一种管状结构,大约8-10厘米长,从阴道开始延伸到子宫,有肌肉壁,有粘膜膜,阴道有两大生殖功能,在性交期间接收精子,为婴儿在分娩期间离开母亲的身体提供通道。

    The uterus is a muscular organ about 7.5 centimeters long and 5 centimeters wide. It has a thick lining of tissues known as the endometrium . The lower, narrower end of the uterus is called the cervix . The uterus is where a fetus grows and develops until birth. During , the uterus can expand dramatically to accommodate the growing baby. Muscular contractions of the uterus push the baby through the cervix during childbirth.
    ::子宫是一种肌肉器官,长约7.5厘米,宽约5厘米,组织厚,称为内宫,子宫的下端是子宫颈,子宫的狭端叫子宫颈,子宫是胎儿生长和发育直至出生的地方,子宫可以急剧膨胀,以容纳成长中的婴儿。子宫的肌肉收缩将婴儿推入子宫颈。

    Extending from the upper corners of the uterus are the two Fallopian tubes. The tubes are about 7 to 14 centimeters long. Each tube reaches (but is not attached to) one of the ovaries. The ovary end of the tube has a fringe-like structure that moves with a wavelike motion. When ovulation occurs, the egg crosses the space between the ovary and the Fallopian tube and is swept by cilia toward the uterus.
    ::从子宫的上角延伸出两根Fallopian管。 管长约7到14厘米。 每个管直达( 但没有连接到) 卵巢之一。 管的卵巢端有一个边缘形结构, 与波状运动一起移动。 排卵发生时, 卵横穿卵巢管和Fallopian管之间的空间, 并被冲向子宫。

    The two ovaries are small oval-shaped organs that lie on either side of the uterus. They are the egg-producing organs of the female reproductive system, and they contain hundreds of thousands of immature eggs. Each egg is located within a structure called a follicle . A follicle consists of the egg surrounded by special cells that protect the egg until and then help the egg mature.
    ::这两个卵巢是子宫两侧的小卵形器官,它们是雌性生殖系统的产卵器官,其中含有数十万个不成熟的卵。每个蛋都位于一个叫做卵囊的结构中。一个卵囊是由特殊细胞环绕的卵团组成,这些细胞保护卵,直到蛋成熟,然后帮助蛋成熟。

    The Breasts
    ::乳房 乳房

    The breasts are considered secondary sex characteristics because they are not organs of . They are described here because of their role in nurturing an infant after birth. As shown in  Figure  , each breast contains mammary glands . The cells of mammary glands secrete milk, which drains into ducts leading to the nipple. A suckling baby squeezes the milk out of the ducts and through the nipple.
    ::乳房被认为是次要的性特征,因为乳房不是......的器官。这里描述乳房是因为它们在产后养育婴儿方面所起的作用。如图所示,每个乳房都含有乳腺。乳房的乳房是乳腺分泌乳房的细胞,排入通向乳头的管子。吸奶的婴儿将乳房挤出管子和通过乳头挤出乳房。

    Cross-section of a human breast.
    A cross-section of a human breast.

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • The external female reproductive structures are collectively referred to as the vulva and include the labia and mons pubis.
      ::外部女性生殖结构统称为阴道,包括阴唇和阴毛。
    • The internal female reproductive organs include the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
      ::体内的女性生殖器官包括阴道、子宫、输卵管和卵巢。
    • The breasts are considered secondary sex characteristics because they are not organs of reproduction.
      ::乳房被视为次要性别特征,因为乳房不是生殖器官。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What two major reproductive functions does the vagina serve?
      ::阴道的生殖功能主要有两个?
    2. During childbirth, which female organ undergoes muscular contractions to push the baby out?
      ::在分娩期间,哪个女性器官会发生肌肉萎缩,以将婴儿推出?
    3. What organ is attached to the ovary?
      ::卵巢附着什么器官?
    4. What role does the follicle play?
      ::卵蛋扮演什么角色?