8.1商务文书
Section outline
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Learning Objectives
::学习目标-
Understand the style in which business documents are written.
::理解商务文件的写法风格 。 -
Learn how to write a business letter.
::学会写商业信 -
Learn how to write a statement of purpose.
::学习如何写出目的声明。 -
Understand the purpose of a résumé and cover letter.
::了解简历和附信的目的。 -
Recognize the four essential parts of a résumé.
::承认简历的四个基本部分。 -
Understand the rules for writing effective résumés.
::了解编写有效简历的规则。 -
Understand how to make a good impression online by using email appropriately.
::了解如何适当使用电子邮件在网上留下好印象。 -
Understand the limitations of online communication.
::了解在线交流的局限性。 -
Be able to format a professional email.
::能够格式化专业电子邮件。
What is business writing?
::什么是商业写作?You've practiced different types of academic writing so far, but what if you want to send a letter to your congressman or write an amazing cover letter for a job application? As you've probably guessed, the academic essay form doesn't always work in these situations. Business and professional writing should be clear, concise, and direct.
::到目前为止,你实践过不同的学术写作, 但如果你想写信给你的国会议员 或者写一封令人惊叹的封面信来申请工作呢?你可能猜到了, 学术论文表在这些情况下并不总是有效的。商业和专业写作应该清晰、简洁和直接。So, you might be asking, what differentiates business writing from academic writing? First, there's style. Business documents are written in a formal style, meaning that you should avoid using contractions and colloquialisms (slang and informal writing). And second, there's form. Most business documents have specific forms that you should follow. These forms apply to everything from headings to what you should include in each paragraphs. There are many kinds of business documents (letters, resumes, and memos, to name just a few), and each of these document types have a standardized form you should follow.
::所以,你也许在问,商业写作和学术写作有什么区别?首先,有风格。商业文件是以一种正式的风格写成的,这意味着你应该避免使用收缩和学术论(低语和非正式的写作)。第二,有表格。大多数商业文件都有你应该遵循的具体格式。这些表格适用于从标题到每一段落中你应该包含的内容的所有内容。有多种商业文件(字母、简历和备忘录,仅举几个例子),而每一种这类文件都有你应该遵循的标准格式。In this chapter, we'll go over the style and forms you should use for standard business letters, cover letters, and resumes. Last, but not least, we'll discuss how you can make yourself stand out in a college application essay.
::在本章中,我们将浏览您在标准商务信函、封面信函和履历中应该使用的风格和表格。最后,但并非最不重要的一点是,我们将讨论您如何在大学申请论文中表现出自己的名声。Business Letters
When Do I Write a Business Letter?
::我什么时候写商务信?It is appropriate to send a business letter any time you want to conduct a formal correspondence. Business letters are often sent to companies, politicians, and institutions. For intstance, if you wanted to write a letter to your local congressman about funding for your school, you would voice your concerns in a business letter. When you ask a company for a refund for a faulty product, a business letter is far more likely than a casual email to get you your money back. And when you want to inquire about a job opening, a business letter will help you get a favorable response.
::在您想进行正式信函往来时,发一封商务信件是合适的。 商务信件经常寄给公司、 政界人士和机构。 换句话说, 如果您想写封信给本地议员, 要求为您的学校提供资金, 你会在商务信件中表达您的担忧。 当你要求公司退款购买错误的产品时, 一张商务信件比一封临时电子邮件更可能将您的钱还给你。 如果您想询问职位空缺, 一封商务信件会帮助您得到有利的回应 。How Do I Write a Business Letter?
::我该怎么写商业信?The main thing to remember about a business letter is that you should follow a specific format. Business letters always include the date, the sender's address, the recipient's address, a salutation, a body, and a closing line.
::有关商务信件要记住的主要问题是,您应该遵循特定的格式。商务信件总是包括日期、发件人地址、收件人地址、问候、身体和关闭线。The most common way to format a business letter is called block formatting . In block formatting, everything should be left-justified. The letter should be single spaced, with double spacing between each paragraph. Do not indent the beginning of each paragraph. You should choose a font with good readability, such as size 12 Times New Roman or Arial.
::格式化商务信函的最常用方式被称为块格式格式。在块格式化中,所有内容都应该以左侧方式说明理由。该字母应保持单个间距,每个段落之间有双间距。不要缩进每个段落的开头。您应该选择一个可读性好的字体,如12号Times New Roman 或 Arial。The Date
::日期The first line of your letter should be the date the letter was finished. Use the date format acceptable in the recipient's country. For instance, if you are writing to someone in the United States, you would format the date as January 1, 2010. However, if you are writing to someone in Europe, you would write 1 January 2010. Do not abbreviate the month for any date format. Place a blank line after the date.
::您的信件第一行应该是信函完成日期。 请使用收件人国家中可接受的日期格式。 例如, 如果您正在给美国的人写信, 您将会将日期格式化为2010年1月1日 。 但是, 如果您正在给欧洲的人写信, 您将会写2010年1月1日 。 不要为任何日期格式缩写月份 。 在日期之后设置一条空白行 。The Sender's Address
::发件人地址The next section of your letter should be the sender's address; since you are writing the letter, this will be your address. Write your name on the first line of the address. Write your street address on the second line, and your city, state, and zip code on the third line. Leave a blank line after your address. You can also place the sender's address after the signature and printed name on the last line of your letter; however, this is stylistic and entirely up to you.
::您的信件的下一节应该是发件人的地址; 既然您正在撰写信件, 这将是您的地址 。 请在地址的第一行写上您的姓名 。 请在第二行写上您的街道地址, 并在第三行写上您的城市、 州和拉链代码 。 请在您的地址后面留一条空白的线 。 您也可以在签名后将发件人的地址和打印姓名放在您的信件最后一行 ; 然而, 这是文体主义的, 完全由您决定 。The Recipient's Address
::收件人地址Next, you need to include the recipient's address, also called the inside address, in your letter. No matter what format you are using, this address will always be left-justified. The first line of the inside address should be the recipient's name. If you cannot find out their name, you can leave this line out.
::下一步, 您需要将收件人的地址, 同时也在您的信件中包含内部地址 。 无论您使用什么格式, 此地址总是可以左转。 内部地址的第一行应该是收件人的姓名 。 如果您无法找到他们的姓名, 您可以将这条线留在外面 。When writing a business letter, always address the recipient by their title. For instance, you would write “President Obama” instead of “Mr. Obama” or “Barak Obama.” If you do not know a woman's marital status, you can address her as “Ms.” If a person has several titles, try to find out which one they prefer being addressed by. If you can't get this information, use the highest ranking title they have. For instance, if someone has a PhD and is also a Professor, you can address them as either “Dr. John Doe” or “John Doe, PhD.”
::写商务信件时,总是用标题称呼收件人。 比如,您会写“奥巴马总统 ” , 而不是“奥巴马先生 ” 或“巴拉克奥巴马 ” 。 如果你不知道女性的婚姻状况,你可以把她称为“夫人 ” 。 如果一个人有几个头衔,请尝试找出他们喜欢用哪个头衔来处理。如果你无法获得这些信息,请使用他们拥有的最高级头衔。例如,如果某人拥有博士学位,同时也是教授,你可以用“约翰·多博士”或“约翰·多博士 ” 来称呼他们。If you are writing to someone in a company (for instance, if you were writing to inquire about potential internship opportunities), include the company name on the next line. If you are writing to an individual not associated with a corporation, such as a politician, you do not have to include the company name. The next line should be the recipient’s street address. The line after that should be the city, state, and zip code. If you are writing to someone outside of the country, include the recipient's country on the following line in capital letters. Leave a blank line after the recipient's address.
::如果您正在写信给某个公司的人(例如,如果您正在写信询问潜在的实习机会),请将公司名称列入下一行。如果您正在写信给一个与公司没有关系的个人,例如政治家,您不必将公司名称包括在内。下一行应该是收件人的街道地址。第二行应该是城市、州和拉链码。如果您正在写信给国外的人,请在大写字母的下一行中包括受援国。在收件人地址之后留一条空白线。The Salutation
::奖赏The next line of your letter should be the salutation. The salutation will say “Dear” followed by the same name you used in the recipient's address. If you addressed your letter to “John Doe, PhD,” you can write “Dear Dr. Doe” in your salutation. If you do not know the name of the recipient, you can use the salutation “To Whom It May Concern.” You can also use this salutation if you do not know the recipient's gender. Use a colon (
after your salutation, and leave one blank line after it.
::您的信件的下一行应该是祝辞。 祝词会说“ 亲爱的” , 然后是您在收件人的地址中使用的同名词。 如果您把信写到“ 约翰·多伊, 博士” , 您可以在祝词中写上“ 亲爱的多伊博士 ” 。 如果您不知道收件人的名字, 您可以使用“ 致谁的问候 ” 。 如果您不知道收件人的性别, 您也可以使用这种问候 。 请在祝词后使用粗略( : ) , 然后留一条空线 。The Body
::主体The first paragraph of a business letter lets the recipient know what the letter is about. You should begin your letter with a polite opening line explaining who you are and why you are writing. Next, state the purpose of your letter, but keep it concise--you will explain all the details in the rest of your letter. Place a blank line between each body paragraph.
::商务信函的第一段让收件人知道信件的内容。 您应该先用礼貌的开首行开始解释您是谁, 以及您写信的原因。 接下来, 请说明您的信件的目的, 但请保持简洁, 您会解释您信件其余部分的所有细节 。 请在每页段落之间留一条空白的行 。The next paragraphs will explain all the relevant details of your letter to the recipient. In this section of the body, explain why the purpose of your letter is important, and provide facts to support your case. However, be sure to keep your language concise. Also, divide your paragraphs logically. If your letter has two main points, you should use two body paragraphs to provide details and your reasoning.
::下几段将解释您致收信人的信件的所有相关细节。 在机构本节中, 请解释您信件的目的为何重要, 并提供事实支持您的案件。 但是, 请务必保持您的语言简洁 。 另外, 从逻辑上将您的段落分隔开来。 如果您的信件有两个要点, 您应该使用两整段来提供细节和理由 。The last body paragraph acts much like the conclusion of a paper. You should restate your purpose and include a brief word on why it is important. You should conclude a business letter by thanking the reader for their time. Place a blank line between your last body paragraph and your closing.
::最后一页内容与文件的结论大致相同。 您应该重述您的目的, 并简短地说明为什么它很重要。 您应该感谢读者的时间来结束商务信函。 请在您最后一段内容和结尾之间留一条空白的线 。Closing
::结束The closing of your letter should be brief. “Sincerely” is generally accepted as a formal closing, but if you are writing a slightly informal business letter you can end with “Thank you.” Only capitalize the first word of the closing, and follow it with a comma (,). Leave two lines blank, and type your name. When you print the letter, place your signature in between the closing and your typed name.
::您的信件的结束时间应该很简短。 “ 诚恳” 通常被视为正式的结束, 但如果您正在写一封略微非正式的商务信函, 您可以用“ 谢谢 ” 结束。 只有将结束的第一个单词动起来, 然后用逗号来跟随它。 请留两行空白, 然后输入您的姓名。 您打印信件时, 请将您的签名放在结束和打字名称之间 。
Enclosures
::附文Finally, if you want to include any items with your letter, list them after the word “Enclosures” one line below your typed name. An enclosure can be anything from a resume to a writing sample. Keep in mind that if you want to include a sample of work you've done for a company, you should make sure you have the right to share that work with others.
::最后, 如果您想要在您的信件中包含任何项目, 请在“ 关闭” 一词之后, 在您输入的名称下方列出一行。 附文可以是从简历到写作样本的任何内容。 请注意, 如果您想要包含您为公司所做工作的样本, 您应该确保您有权与其他人分享该工作 。Sample Business Letter
::业务信函January 18, 1926
::1926年1月18日 1926年1月18日Sherlock Holmes
::夏洛克·福尔摩斯221B Baker Street
::221B 贝克街London
::伦敦伦敦Nero Wolfe
::尼罗沃尔夫e506 West 35th Street
::西35街506号New York, New York 10001
::纽约,纽约,纽约10001UNITED STATES
::美国 美国 美国 美国Dear Mr. Wolfe:
::亲爱的沃尔夫先生:My name is Sherlock Holmes, and I am a private investigator operating out of London. I have read about your work, and I would like your advice on a matter of criminal affairs. At the moment, I am working on a very difficult kidnapping case in which the perpetrator has demanded a ransom. I would like your opinion on how to catch the criminal, retrieve the victim, and save the family a hefty fee.
::我的名字是夏洛克·福尔摩斯,我是一个在伦敦外工作的私人调查员。我读过你的工作,我希望得到你对刑事事务的建议。目前,我正在处理一个非常困难的绑架案,罪犯要求赎金。我希望你对如何抓住罪犯、救回受害者并给家人省下一笔高昂的费用提出意见。So far, I have gathered a number of clues. The victim was last seen on London's east side at 10 a.m. on Saturday the 8th of January. She is of the feline persuasion and has often been known to leave the house in the mornings to hunt mice. She is said to have a sleek brown coat, sapphire eyes, and white markings on each of her paws. On Monday the 10th of January, a type-written ransom note was delivered to the family's house; it demanded a sum of 1,000 American dollars. The family has until the end of the month to deliver the money.
::到目前为止,我收集了一些线索。受害者最后一次被看见是在1月8日星期六上午10点的伦敦东侧。她是一个受苦受难者,她经常在早晨离开家捕老鼠。据说她每只爪子上都有一件浅棕色大衣、蓝眼睛和白标记。1月10日,星期一,有人向家里送来了一张折叠的赎金纸条;她需要1 000美元。直到月底,家人必须拿出这笔钱。Using this evidence, I have reached the conclusion that a native of Britain must have perpetrated the crime. The emphasis on American dollars is clearly a distraction, but not a good one. Clearly, our criminal is lacking in experience. I suspected a certain Mr. Moriarty for a time, but it does not follow his pattern of behaviour to go after a cat. I am sending copies of several notable London newspapers for you to peruse-- perhaps you will catch something I have missed.
::利用这一证据,我得出的结论是,一个英国人一定犯下了这一罪行。强调美元显然分散了注意力,但并不是好的。显然,我们的罪犯缺乏经验。我曾经怀疑过某个叫莫里亚蒂先生的人,但是他的行为模式没有按照他的行为模式去追一只猫。我正在发送一些著名的伦敦报纸的副本供你阅读—也许你会抓住我错过的东西。Your assistance in this matter would be most helpful. It is of great importance to the victim's family that justice be served, and I believe your professional judgment will be quite helpful in my solving of this case. Thank you very much for your time regarding this issue.
::伸张正义对受害者家属非常重要,而且我相信,你的专业判断将有助于我解决此案,非常感谢你在这个问题上的时间。Sincerely,
::真诚的,Sherlock Holmes
::夏洛克·福尔摩斯Enclosed: The London Times, The Telegraph, The London Evening Standard.
::《伦敦时报》、《电报》、《伦敦晚间标准》Review Questions
::审 查 问 问 问 问 题-
Draft an outline for the body of a formal business letter. Include the purpose of your letter in the first paragraph, and relevant facts and details to support your purpose in the following paragraphs. Make sure your closing paragraph restates your purpose and reinforces why it is important.
::正式商务信函的大纲草案,请在第一段列出您信函的目的,并在以下各段列出相关事实和细节,以支持您的目的;确保您的结尾段落重申您的目的,并强化其重要性。 -
Compose a formal business letter to a local politician advocating a change to your school or community. For instance, you could write to your state representative to voice concerns about your school's library funding. You could also write to your mayor to propose a community clean-up projects. Write about a cause that you are interested in!
::撰写一封正式的商务信件给当地政客, 主张改变学校或社区。 例如, 您可以写信给国家代表表达对学校图书馆资助的担忧。 您也可以写信给市长, 提议社区清理项目。 写下您感兴趣的原因 !
Vocabulary
::词汇表- Block formatting
- A business-letter format in which all text is left-justified and paragraphs are not indented
Cover Letter and Resumé
Cover Letter
::封面信A cover letter is the introduction to your résumé. The purpose of your cover letter is simple: it should entice your prospective employer or the admissions officer to the school of your choice to read your résumé. A cover letter should be a short three or four paragraph document. Each paragraph has a specific purpose.
::随函是履历的导言,随函的目的很简单:该信应诱使您未来的雇主或您选择的学校招生官员阅读您的履历;随函应为短短的三至四段文件,每一段都有具体目的。Paragraph 1
::第1段Explain to your reader how you heard about the job or internship for which you are applying and why you wish to work there. If your letter is to a school, you should provide specific details about why you want to attend that school.
::向读者解释您如何听说您申请的工作或实习,以及您为什么希望在那里工作。如果您的信件是写给学校的,您应该提供具体细节,说明您为什么想上学。Paragraphs 2-3
::第2-3段In these paragraphs you should explain who you are and why you are a good candidate for this job. Describe the skills and abilities you will bring to the job or school. You should point out accomplishments from your résumé which indicate your strengths. For example, if you baby-sit regularly for a neighbor, you might point out that you are punctual, responsible, and organized, which is why your neighbors trust you to take care of their children.
::在这些段落中, 您应该解释您是谁, 以及您为什么是这个职位的好候选人。 请描述您给工作或学校带来的技能和能力。 您应该指出您简历中的成绩, 这表明您的长处。 例如, 如果您定期为邻居照看孩子, 您可能会指出您是准时的、负责任的、有组织的, 这就是为什么您的邻居信任您照顾孩子。You should highlight something from your résumé. Because a résumé is written in short phrases, you may wish to expand upon an experience or award listed on your résumé in your cover letter. (For example: I have excellent time management skills. As you will note on my résumé, I have done after school tutoring for three years, while also playing in the Scranton High School Marching Band. As a band member, I am required to practice with the band 10 hours a week; I practice playing the trombone on my own 4-5 hours a week. I tutor 4 hours a week. I have maintained a GPA of 3.75 since my sophomore year.)
::你应该强调一下你的履历中的一些内容。因为简历是简短的,所以你不妨在你的履历中扩充一份经验或奖项。 (例如:我拥有出色的时间管理技能。 正如你将在我的履历上指出的,我在放学后辅导了三年,同时也在Scranton高中巡回乐队演出。作为一个乐队成员,我每周10小时必须参加乐队练习;我每周4-5小时练习长号,每周4-5小时。我每周辅导4小时。我从大二开始一直维持3.75的GPA。 )Closing Paragraph
::结束段落What do you expect to happen next? Do you want the admissions officer to contact you? Will you contact them? In the closing paragraph, you spell out your expectations, and thank your reader for his or her time and consideration.
::接下来你会怎么样?你希望招生官员联系你吗?你会和他们联系吗?在结尾部分,你将阐述你的期望,并感谢你的读者的时间和考虑。Although your cover letter is short, it is not an easy document to write. Consider it a 15-second advertisement for you. You want your letter to capture your reader’s attention and get him or her excited about reading your résumé.
::尽管你的封面信很短,但这不是一个容易写的文件。 把它当作一个15秒的广告。 您希望您的信件能吸引读者的注意力,让读者对阅读您的简历感到兴奋。Tip: Your letter must be error-free. After you have finished it, spell check it, and then read it very carefully to be sure that you have no errors. When you feel you have a perfect document, share it with your teacher, counselor, parents, or someone else who will read it carefully and provide helpful feedback.
::提示 : 您的信件必须是无错误的 。 在您完成信件后, 请拼写检查它, 然后仔细阅读它, 以确保您没有错误 。 如果您觉得您有一份完美的文件, 请与您的老师、 顾问、 家长或其他会仔细阅读并提供反馈帮助的人分享 。Parts of a Cover Letter
::首字母部分Your return address (Type out your complete return address.)
::您的返回地址( 输入您的完整返回地址 ) 。Date (Write out the name of month, followed by the day and the year.)
::日期(填写月份名称,然后填写日期和年份)。Inside address (This should include the name of the person to whom you are writing, his or her title, the name of organization or school, and the address of the organization or school.)
::内部地址(这应包括您正在写作的人的姓名、他或她的头衔、组织或学校的名称,以及组织或学校的地址。 )Greeting (Use your addressee’s title and last name only, not his or her first name.)
:仅使用收件人的头衔和姓,而不使用其姓。 )
Body of your letter (Typed, using a business font such as Times New Roman, size 11-12 font, single spaced, with a double space between paragraphs.)
::信件正文( 使用Times New Roman等商业字体, 大小为 11-12 的字体, 单间距, 段落之间有双倍间距 。)Closing
::闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭 闭Your signature
::你签名Your name, typed out
::您的姓名, 打字Sample Cover Letter
::样本封面信123 South Arlington Avenue
::123 南阿林顿大道Anytown, Florida, 93331
::佛罗里达州 任何镇 93331October 8, 2010
::2010年10月8日Susan Jones, Admissions Officer
::苏珊·琼斯,招生干事Lapkin School for the Arts
::拉普金艺术学校444 South Marion Avenue
::南马里恩大道444号Lapkinsville, Florida 85544
::佛罗里达州拉普金斯维尔 85544Dear Ms. Jones,
::亲爱的琼斯女士,Enclosed are my résumé, transcripts, and portfolio for application to the Lapkin School for the Arts Summer Internship Program. I learned of this program through my art teacher at Arlington High School. I wish to participate in this internship program because as an intern at Larkin, I will be exposed to some of the most prestigious programs in the state of Florida. As an aspiring artist, I would be proud to be a part of this internship.
::随函附上我的履历、笔录和申请拉普金艺术学院暑期实习课程的投资组合。我通过我在阿灵顿高中的艺术教师了解到这个课程。我想参加这个实习方案,因为作为拉尔金的实习生,我将接触到佛罗里达州一些最有声望的方案。作为一个有志于成为实习对象的艺术家,我将自豪地成为这个实习项目的一部分。I will be graduating from Arlington High School in June 2012. As you will note on my enclosed résumé, I have maintained an outstanding GPA, participated in art shows, and volunteered 10 hours each week after school. I have received numerous awards for my art. Notably, I was named Best New Artist in the Florida State Innovative Arts Show; I received a first and third place award for my water color and acrylic still life paintings at the Florida All State Art Show; and I received an Honorable Mention in the National Art USA Exhibit for high school freshmen.
::我将在2012年6月从阿林顿高中毕业。 正如你将在我的随附简历上指出的,我一直保持着杰出的GPA,参加了艺术展,并每周在放学后10小时自愿参加。我的艺术获得了许多奖项。 值得注意的是,我在佛罗里达州创新艺术展中被命名为最佳新艺术家;我在佛罗里达州全州艺术展中获得了第三位水色和丙烯(丙烯)生命绘画奖;并在美国国家艺术展览中为高中新生获得荣誉奖项。I have taught art classes at Anytown Elementary School since 2008. When the state budget cut all elementary art classes, my art teacher at Arlington High organized Arlington Art Outreach (AAO), a program in which high school art students go to the local elementary schools to teach art. After one semester of tutoring, I was selected to become a tutor mentor and trainer. In this capacity I develop original lesson plans, solicit donations to provide art supplies, and provide teaching tips to tutors. I believe these activities demonstrate my passion and leadership ability, and make me an excellent candidate for your internship program.
::自2008年起,我在安城小学教授艺术课程。 当国家预算削减所有初等艺术课程时,我在阿灵顿高中的艺术教师组织了阿灵顿艺术推广活动(AAO ) 。 在该方案中,高中艺术学生到当地小学教授艺术。 辅导了一个学期后,我被选为导师和导师。 以此身份,我制定了最初的教学计划,募集捐款提供艺术用品,并向导师提供教学建议。我相信这些活动显示了我的热情和领导能力,并让我成为你们实习方案的优秀候选人。Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to further discussing my qualifications for this internship with you. I can be reached at (555) 222-5555, or you can email me at J.Smith@aol.com. I will call you in two weeks to check on the status of my application.
::感谢您的时间和考虑。我期待着与您进一步讨论我的实习资格。我可以在555时222-5555到达,也可以在J.Smith@aol.com给我发电邮。我两周后会打电话给您,询问我申请的情况。Sincerely,
::真诚的,Joanne Smith
::琼安·史密斯Joanne Smith
::琼安·史密斯TIP: If you say that you will be calling to check on the status of your application, be sure to follow up with a phone call. Mark your calendar so you don’t forget.
::TIP: 如果您说您会打电话来检查您的申请状况, 请务必接听您的电话。 标记您的日历, 以免您忘记 。Review Questions
::回顾问题-
Write a letter applying to be an after school tutor or coach for a local elementary school. When writing your letter, be sure to consider what qualities would such a job require? Explain in your letter why you would be a good choice for this position.
::写封信申请本地小学的课后辅导员或教练。 在写信时, 请务必考虑这种工作需要什么品质? 请在信里解释为什么您是这个职位的好人选。
Résumés
::简历A résumé is a concise summary of your personal strengths and accomplishments. There are many reasons why you need to write a résumé. You may be applying for a job, to a college, or for a scholarship or grant to help pay for your education. Regardless of the organization for which you are writing your résumé, there are rules that you should follow to create a document which effectively and accurately represents you.
::简历是您个人长处和成就的简明摘要。您需要撰写简历的原因很多。您可以申请工作、大学、奖学金或助学金来帮助您支付教育费用。无论您为哪个组织撰写简历,您都必须遵守一些规则来创建有效、准确地代表您的文件。In most cases, a résumé should be one page, and should be clearly formatted so your reader can easily spot your personal information, your purpose or objective, and your qualifications.
::在多数情况下,简历应为一页,并应明确格式,以便读者能够方便地发现你的个人信息、目的或目标以及你的资格。Parts of a resume include:
::续会的部分内容包括:-
Contact information
::联系信息 -
Objective
::目标目标目标目标目标目标目标目标 -
Education
::教育 教育教育 -
Experience
::经验经验经验经验 -
Additional information (if necessary)
::补充资料(如有必要)
Contact Information
::联系信息The first thing your reader should see on your résumé is your name and contact information. Your name should be at the top, with nothing else written on the same line. Under your name should be your address, phone number, and email. Be sure you have an appropriate email address. (e.g.: “2cute4u” or “1337ninja” are amusing to you as a high school student, however, such a frivolous email address may seem inappropriate to a prospective employer or college admissions officer. Your first and last name, or first initial and last name, followed with your internet service provider is a good choice: Jane.Smith@aol.com or J.Smith@aol.com)
::您的阅读者首先应该看到您在简历上的姓名和联系信息。 您的姓名应该位于顶端, 而不是在同一行上写下。 您的名字应该是您的地址、 电话号码和电子邮件。 请确定您有合适的电子邮件地址 。 (例如: “ 2cute4u” 或“ 1337ninja ” , 您作为高中生很有意思, 但是, 您的电子邮件地址对于未来的雇主或大学入学官员来说似乎并不合适 。 您的名和姓, 或首名和姓, 与您的互联网服务提供商一起, 是一个不错的选择 : Jane. Smith@aol. com 或 J. Smith@aol. com ) 。Objective
::目标This is a brief statement of the purpose of your résumé. Your objective indicates the type of position you are seeking, or the school or program you hope to gain admission to. It should be very clear and specific; include the job title or the name of the school or program in your objective.
::这是对您简历目的的简短说明。 您的目标表示您想要的职位类型, 或您希望入学的学校或课程 。 它应该非常明确和具体; 包括您的目标中的学校或课程的职称或名称 。Education
::教育List the name and location of the high school you currently attend and your graduation date. If you have good grades (a 3.0 grade point average [GPA] or above), include your GPA under your education.
::列出您目前就读的高中的名称和位置以及毕业日期。如果您成绩良好(平均3.0分),请将您的GPA纳入您的教育范围。Experience
::经验The term “experience” does not mean the same thing as “employment.” “Experience” refers to the accomplishments that make you a good candidate. As a high school student, you may feel you don’t have much experience. However, there are things you can list that will indicate your skills and positive characteristics to your reader.
::“经验”一词与“就业”一词并不相同。 “经验”是指使你成为好候选人的成就。 作为中学生,你可能觉得自己没有多少经验。 然而,你可以列举一些能向读者表明你的技能和积极特点的东西。Have you played on a sports team? Have you tutored at an elementary school? Did you participate in a fundraiser? Did you help organize a school event? Do you volunteer for a non-profit organization? These accomplishments indicate that you have leadership skills, work well with others, and are interested in things other than yourself. All of these characteristics would be appealing to a prospective employer.
::你们有参加体育队吗?你们有参加过小学的辅导吗?你们有参加过募捐会吗?你们有参加过学校的活动吗?你们是自愿参加非营利组织吗?这些成就表明,你们有领导才能,能与他人合作,而且对自身以外的事情感兴趣。所有这些特点都对未来的雇主有吸引力。Next to each item you list, include the date(s) you were involved with that activity.
::在您列出的每个项目之后,请列出您参与该活动的日期。TIP: If you cannot think of anything to list under “Experience,” check with a teacher, friend, or adult who knows you well. You can brainstorm with them to think of things you have accomplished. After talking with someone, if you truly have nothing to list under “Experience,” now is the time for you to get out there and do something!
::TIP:如果你无法想出什么可以列在“经验”之下,请与熟悉你的教师、朋友或成年人一起检查一下。你可以与他们一起集思广益,思考你的成就。在与某人交谈后,如果你真的没有什么可以列在“经验”之下的话,现在是你出去做点什么的时候了!Additional information
::补充资料You want your résumé to fill one page. After you have completed the four sections listed above, if you still have space, here are some other items you may wish to include. Next to each activity or accomplishment, list the date(s) of any awards received or when you were affiliated with the organization.
::您想要您的简历填满一页。 在您填写完上面列出的四节之后, 如果您仍然有空间, 这里还有一些您可能想要填写的项目。 在每项活动或成就之后, 请列出所收到的任何奖项的日期或您与组织有关系的日期 。-
Awards, honors, scholarships
::奖、荣誉、奖学金 -
Affiliations (clubs, professional or student organizations, sports teams, philanthropic organizations). What was your position in this organization? If you were an officer or team leader, indicate your title and the dates you held that position.
::协会(俱乐部、专业或学生组织、体育队、慈善组织),你在组织中担任什么职务?如果您是军官或队长,请注明头衔和担任该职务的日期。 -
Special accomplishments (projects, publications, certifications)
::特别成绩(项目、出版物、核证) -
Special skills (foreign language(s), photography, computer expertise, etc.)
::特殊技能(外语、摄影、计算机专门知识等) -
Hobbies
::业余爱好
TIP: If you volunteer for an organization, instead of saying “Volunteer,” use a job title that describes for your reader what you did for the group. Following the job title, use specific terms so that your reader will be able to understand exactly what your responsibilities include. Because you use the term “Experience” rather than “Employment” you can list volunteer work as experience.
::TIP: 如果您自愿加入一个组织, 而不是说“ 自愿者 ” , 使用一个给读者描述您为该团体所做工作的职务名称。 在职务名称之后, 请使用具体术语, 以便读者能够确切理解您的责任。 因为您使用“ 经验” 一词而不是“ 就业” 一词, 您可以将志愿者工作列为经验 。Sample Résumé A
::A号样本样本Joanne S. Smith
::琼安·史密斯123 South Arlington Avenue
::123 南阿林顿大道Anytown, Florida, 93331
::佛罗里达州 任何镇 93331(555) 222-5555
J.Smith@aol.com.
::J.Smith@aol.com. 翻译:J.Smith@aol.com 翻译:Objective: Admission to the Lapkin School for the Arts Summer Internship Program.
::目标:进入拉普金艺术暑期实习学校。Education:
::学历:Arlington High School, Graduation date: June 2012
::阿林顿中学毕业日期:2012年6月Anytown, Florida
::佛罗里达州 任何镇GPA: 3.75
::《全球行动纲领》:3.75Experience:
::经验:Arlington Art Outreach, January 2008-present
::Arlington艺术外联,2008年1月至今Anytown Elementary School
::任何城镇小学Art Tutor: Teach art to elementary school students grades 3-6 in an after-school program six hours a week; classes range in size from 8-15 students. Develop lesson plans; critique student work in a positive nurturing manner; and mentor students.
::艺术导师:每周6小时在课后方案中向3-6年级小学生教授艺术;班级大小为8-15名学生;制定教学计划;以积极的培养方式批评学生的工作;辅导学生。Tutor Trainer: Train high school tutors in developing art lessons; art evaluation techniques, and classroom management; schedule tutors in three elementary school programs.
::师资培训:培训高中辅导员开发艺术课程;艺术评价技巧和课堂管理;三个小学课程的时间安排辅导员。Community Outreach: Solicit donations to support AAO; educate the public about the importance of art.
::社区外联:募捐支持AAO;教育公众了解艺术的重要性。Anytown YMCA, June 2007-present
::基督教基督教青年会,2007年6月至今Anytown, Florida
::佛罗里达州 任何镇Computer Co-Pilot: (This program matches a high school volunteer with a senior citizen to teach them how to use computers more effectively.)
::计算机共同助理Awards:
::奖项:Best New Artist in the Florida State Innovative Arts Show, October 2008
::佛罗里达州创新艺术展最佳新艺术家,2008年10月Florida All State Art Show, January 2009
::2009年1月佛罗里达州全州艺术展First Place Watercolor; Third Place Acrylic still life
::第一地点水彩色;第三地点丙烯丙烯National Art USA, April 2007
::美国国家艺术,2007年4月Honorable Mention for Watercolor by High School Freshmen
::高中新生对水彩花的优等评奖References provided upon request.
::应请求提供参考材料。Sample Résumé B
::B号样本样本John Anderson
::约翰·安德森4444 Third Avenue East Apt. 23
::4444 第三大道东东第三大道444444号New York City, New York 99999
::纽约纽约州纽约市 9999999John.anderson@aol.ocm
::约翰·安德森@aol.ocmObjective:
::目标:Seeking a position coaching Little League Baseball
::寻求职位训练小联盟棒球Education:
::学历:City High School, Graduation date: June 2013
::毕业日期:2013年6月New York City, New York
::纽约市,纽约州纽约市Experience:
::经验:City High School Baseball Team, September 2009 – present
::2009年9月至今,城市高中棒球队,2009年9月至今-
Play various positions, including catcher, outfield, and second base
::玩各种职位,包括捕猎者、场外和二垒 -
Work with teammates on improving skills such as catching, throwing, and batting
::与队友合作,提高渔获、投掷和击打等技能 -
Support coach by staying after on practice days to clean and put away equipment
::支持教练,在练习日后留下来清理和收置设备 -
Participate in annual team fundraiser for team travel and uniforms
::参加团队差旅和制服年度团队筹款活动
New York City Little League, May 2004 – October 2008
::纽约市小联盟,2004年5月至2008年10月-
Played on several little league teams; my team went to playoffs each year
::参加过几个小球队 我的球队每年都去参加季后赛 -
Played various positions, such as pitcher, catcher, and outfield
::玩过各种姿势,如投手、捕手和场外 -
Helped my father coach my younger brother’s team; worked with individual players on special skills
::帮助我父亲指导我弟弟的团队;与个别球员合作掌握特殊技能
City High School Baseball Team Annual Fundraiser, October 2010
::2010年10月,城市高中棒球队年度筹款活动,2010年10月Advertising Team Leader
::广告小组组长-
Solicited donations from sponsors to advertise in the program for our annual fundraiser
::募集赞助者捐款,在年度筹款活动方案中做广告 -
Took photographs of team members to use in the program
::拍摄了在方案中使用的小组成员照片 -
Help plan and create the layout for the 27 page program
::为 27 页程序制定帮助规划和创建布局
Interests: Sports, Skateboarding, Photography
::利益:体育、滑板、摄影References available upon request.
::应请求提供参考材料。Review Questions
::审 查 问 问 问 问 题-
Think about a job you would like to do this summer. What sort of skills will you need to be able to do this job? What makes you think you would be good at this job? Make a list of the skills you think would be appropriate for this job and indicate why you think you would be good at this job. Then organize a résumé that indicates your qualifications.
::想想你今年夏天想做的工作。 您需要什么样的技能才能做这份工作? 是什么让你觉得自己会做这个工作? 列出一份你认为适合做这个工作的技能清单, 并说明为什么你觉得自己会做这个工作。 然后组织一份履历,说明你的资格。
Statements of Purpose
What is a Statement of Purpose?
::什么是目的声明?A statement of purpose is a personal statement that some colleges require as part of their admissions process. You can use your statement of purpose to explain your educational and career goals, your background, and your personality. It is your chance to show off what makes you a unique and valuable candidate for a school. Some schools include focused questions in their applications, and some ask for an open-ended essay. No matter what you are writing about, there are some rules that always apply to personal statements.
::目的声明是一些大学在其招生过程中需要的个人声明。你可以使用目的声明来解释你的教育和职业目标、背景和个性。这是你炫耀使你成为学校独特和有价值的候选人的机会。有些学校在申请中包括了重点问题,有些学校则要求提供一份不限名额的论文。不管你写什么,有一些规则总是适用于个人陈述。Rule 1: Read the directions and answer the questions completely.
::第1条:阅读方向并完全回答问题。Always read the directions and the questions for a personal statement thoroughly. Know what you are being asked. College admissions officers are not only looking for how well-written and interesting your essay is, they are looking for whether or not your essay is on-topic. Some applications will ask multi-part questions. You should be sure to answer each question fully. For instance, if an application asks you to explain why you want to go into your selected major and what you plan to do with your degree, don't just write about how you were inspired to become an environmental scientist at a young age. You can tell that story, but also include details about how you want to work to preserve the redwood forests or go on to graduate school after you finish your degree.
::总是要仔细阅读个人声明的方向和问题 。 了解您正在问什么 。 大学入学官员不仅在寻找您的文章写得多么好,多么有趣, 他们正在寻找您的文章是否在专题上。 有些应用程序会问多个部分的问题 。 您应该完整地回答每个问题 。 例如, 如果申请要求您解释您为什么想进入您的选定专业, 以及您计划用您的学位做什么 , 不要只写您如何在年轻时被启发成为一名环境科学家。 您可以讲述这个故事, 并且包括您希望如何工作以保护红木森林或者在完成学位后继续读研究生学校的细节 。Rule 2: Show something unique about yourself.
::规则2:展示自己的独特之处。More and more people apply to colleges each year. The goal of your personal statement is to help you stand out from the crowd. Thus, you will want to write an essay that shows who you are. This is often best done with a story (or two stories for a longer essay). It is the use of detailed stories that will make your application interesting to admissions officers. Simply writing that you like science and thus want to be a biologist doesn't show how you are unique. However, if you tell the story of how you discovered your love of plant-life working on your grandfather's farm over a summer during high school, you will stand out to admissions officers. In addition, telling a personal story will make your voice stand out in your essay--writing about a subject that is both important and familiar to you will allow you to let more of who you are come across to your reader.
::越来越多的人每年申请上大学。 您个人声明的目的是帮助您与众不同。 因此, 您会想写一篇文章, 展示您是谁。 这通常最好用一个故事来完成( 或者两个故事来撰写更长的论文 ) 。 详细的故事会让入学官们对您的申请感兴趣。 简单地写您喜欢科学, 从而想成为生物学家, 并不能说明您是如何独特的。 但是, 如果您讲述您如何在高中暑假发现您对植物生活的热爱, 您将会和招生官员一起站在一起。 此外, 讲个人的故事会让您在写一篇关于一个既重要又熟悉的主题的论文时, 表达您的声音, 您将会让更多的读者了解您所到之处。Rule 3: Make your stories relevant.
::第3条:使你的故事具有相关性。We've gone over using a story or two to make yourself stand out. However, telling a story to address an application essay prompt also means that you will need to show your readers why that story is relevant. Thus, always connect your story to the prompt . Provide enough detail so that anyone reading your story will understand why it is significant and how it makes you stand out. However, you should also be careful about providing too much detail. Only relate what is significant to your main point and of interest to your reader. The people who review personal statements have to go through thousands of them, so one of the worst things you can do is be redundant.
::我们用一两个故事来表达自己。 但是, 讲一个故事来回应一个应用, 作文提示也意味着你需要向读者展示这个故事的关联性。 因此, 总是将你的故事与时间联系起来。 提供足够详细的内容, 让阅读你的故事的人理解它为什么重要, 以及它如何让你出名。 但是, 您也应该谨慎地提供太多的细节。 仅仅告诉一个故事对于你的主旨很重要, 您的读者也感兴趣。 阅读个人声明的人必须经过数千个, 所以最糟糕的事情之一就是多余的。For example, if the prompt asks you about an important learning experience in your life, you might want to write about when you volunteered as a reader at your local library. You could describe that before that point you had never considered working with children, but that watching the kids learn to read was an important experience. At this point, you could insert a story about a specific child you worked with, explaining how the two of you made a special connection. After telling this story, you could relate it back to the prompt by explaining that through this experience, you learned you wanted to become a teacher, and are thus applying to college to earn your degree in elementary education.
::例如,如果即时电话询问您生活中重要的学习经历,您也许想写下您在本地图书馆作为阅读者自愿担任读者的时间。您可以描述一下,在那之前您从未考虑过与儿童一起工作,但看孩子学会阅读是一个重要的经验。此时,您可以插入一个关于您所工作过的一个具体孩子的故事,解释一下你们两个是如何建立特殊联系的。讲完这个故事之后,您可以通过解释,通过这一经历,您学会了成为一名教师,从而可以申请进入大学获得初等教育学位。Rule 4: Pick an overarching theme.
::第4条:选择一个总的主题。If the application essay directions ask for a longer essay, you will likely have to tell two or three stories in your writing in order to provide your reader a broad overview of who you are. However, just because your stories show a big picture of who you are does not mean that they can’t be related—after all, a personal statement should focus on showing your personal growth or achievements. When you include multiple stories, make sure that you connect them with an overarching theme. For instance, you might include a story about your time working at an animal shelter and one about the time you taught your younger brother how to ride a bike. These stories might seem completely unrelated, but you can focus each one on how you are very caring, which is an important personality trait for the pre-nursing program you are applying for.
::如果应用程序的作文指南要求较长的论文,你可能不得不在写作中讲两到三个故事,以便向读者提供你是谁的大致概况。然而,仅仅因为你的故事展示了你是谁的大图,并不意味着他们不可能有关系 — — 毕竟,个人声明应该侧重于展示你的个人成长或成就。当您包含多个故事时,请确保您将其与一个总括主题联系起来。例如,你可能包含一个有关你在动物收容所工作的时间的故事,以及你教弟弟如何骑自行车的时间的故事。这些故事可能看起来完全无关紧要,但你可以把每个故事的焦点放在你是多么的关心上,这是你申请的预发包计划的一个重要的个性特征。Rule 5: Do not exceed the word count.
::规则5:不要超过字数数。If the prompt lists a maximum word count, do not go over it. The word count not only keeps the length of your paper in check, it also shows that you can follow directions. College admission officers have to read through a lot of essays each year, and they sometimes use the word count to eliminate students who do not follow directions. You don't want yours being thrown aside because it went over the word limit.
::如果提示列出一个最大字数, 请不要过份。 字数数不仅能控制您的纸张长度, 也表明您可以遵循方向。 大学招生官每年必须阅读许多论文, 有时他们用字数来消除不遵循方向的学生。 您不希望您被抛在一边, 因为它超过了字数限制 。Rule 6: Remember what is appropriate in your statement of purpose.
::第6条: 牢记在宗旨声明中什么是适当的。Finally, you should avoid discussing money as a motivator, complaining about unfortunate circumstances in your life, and preaching to your reader. You should also be careful when writing about your race, religion, sexuality, or class unless you connect these issues to your overarching theme. Although these issues can make for a compelling essay, they can easily shift the reader's focus from you as a person and overshadow the essay. Thus, if you discuss any of these issues, make sure they actively highlight an experience of learning, personal growth, or achievement.
::最后,你应该避免把金钱当作推动者来讨论,抱怨你生活中的不幸情况,并向你的读者说教。在写有关你的种族、宗教、性或阶级的文章时,你也应该小心谨慎,除非你将这些问题与你的总括主题联系起来。尽管这些问题可以做一份令人信服的论文,但它们可以很容易地将读者的注意力从你个人的角度转移开来,并掩盖论文。因此,如果你讨论这些问题,请确保他们积极强调学习、个人成长或成就的经验。Sample Statement of Purpose
::目的说明Prompt: We have all had heroes in our lives. A hero can be a parent, a teacher, a friend, or anyone who inspired us. In 700 words or less, write about a situation in which you met one of your heroes.
::迅速:我们生活中都有英雄。英雄可以是父母、教师、朋友,也可以是激励我们的人。用700个字或更少的字眼,写下你遇到一个英雄的情况。Last year, I spent two months as a camp counselor at a music summer camp. I worked with many students, most of whom were around nine to twelve years old. However, one boy, Andy, stood out from the rest. From the very first day, I could tell that he would be trouble. I figured he had been sent unwillingly to camp and was just upset he had to spend his summer here instead of watching TV at home. He was pouty, listless, and generally grumpy. Andy did not want to participate in group activities, and during music practices, he failed to pay attention and refused to practice his scales. He may have had a bad attitude, but there was nothing the counselors could do about this, as he had not bothered anyone else with his behavior.
::去年,我在一个音乐夏令营当了两个月的营务顾问。我和许多学生共事了两个月,其中多数是九至十二岁左右。然而,有一个男孩Andy,他与其他学生格格不入。从第一天起,我就知道他就是麻烦人物。我以为他被不情愿地派往营区,只是很不高兴他不得不在这里过暑假,而不是在家里看电视。他脾气暴躁,无名无姓,而且一般很暴躁。安迪不想参加集体活动,在音乐练习期间,他没有注意,拒绝练习自己的功课。他可能态度不好,但顾问们对此无能为力,因为他没有去骚扰别人。The situation changed drastically, however, when Andy got into a fight with another boy, Lucas. Lucas was an outgoing eleven-year-old who always greeted everyone with a smile. The other counselors and I were shocked that he had gotten into a fight with another student, and we immediately asked each boy what they were fighting about. I found out from the two that Lucas had just gotten a phone call from his mother. Andy overheard Lucas's conversation and later teased Lucas about being a big baby. Eventually, he provoked Lucas into hitting him. We sent Lucas back to his music rehearsal with a warning about giving into to teasing, and it was left to me as the senior counselor to deal with Andy.
::然而,当Andy和另一个男孩Lucas发生争斗时,情况发生了巨大变化。Lucas是一个即将离任的十一岁的孩子,他总是带着微笑迎接每个人。其他顾问和我感到吃惊的是,他和另一个学生发生了争吵,我们立即问每个男孩他们打什么。我从Lucas刚从他母亲那里接到一个电话的两个男孩中发现。Anddy无意中听到Lucas的谈话,后来又嘲笑Lucas是个大孩子。最后,他激怒Lucas打他。我们让Lucas回到他的音乐排练中去,警告他要给别人取笑,然后就留给我作为高级顾问来处理Andy。I started tentatively. “Look Andy, if you don't want to be here, you should talk to one of us. But we can't have you behaving like this. Your attitude has started affecting the other students.”
::“看,安迪,如果你不想在这里,你应该和我们中的一个谈谈。但我们不能让你这样。你的态度已经开始影响其他学生了。”He looked up at me, and his lower lip began to quiver. He was about to cry.
::他看着我,他的下嘴唇开始颤抖,他快哭了。I had never had a student start crying before, and I fumbled for words. “Heeeey, hey. Don't cry now. You can't go around provoking people, and I'm gonna have to call your parents, but it's not the end of the world.”
::我从来没有一个学生哭过一次,我哭着喊着说 : “ 哎哟,嘿,别哭,别哭,你不能到处惹事生非,我要打电话给你父母,但这不是世界末日。 ”“Please don't call my parents,” he whispered hoarsely. “I miss my family, but I don't want to go home. I begged them to let me come to camp, but my mom just said I'd get so homesick I'd be back in two days. This is my first time away from home.”
::“请不要给我父母打电话”,他低声低语地说 : “ 我想念我的家人,但我不想回家,我恳求他们让我去露营,但我妈妈只说我会想家,两天后就会回来。这是我第一次离家出走。 ”It dawned on me that Andy's bad behavior was not because he had been forced to come to summer camp, but because he was homesick. I knew exactly what to say. “Hey, I get homesick too sometimes. But it's fun here, and I love working with you guys. Trust me. Start talking to some of the other students, and you'll make a bunch of new friends and feel better in no time. In fact, the two of us can be friends.”
::我意识到安迪的不良行为不是因为他被迫来夏令营,而是因为他想家。我知道该说什么。 “嘿,我有时也会想家,但这里很有趣,我喜欢和你们一起工作。相信我。开始和其他学生交谈,然后你们就能结交新朋友,很快感觉好些。事实上,我们两个可以成为朋友。 ”I spent the rest of summer camp with Andy, introducing him to the other kids and letting him tell me stories about his family. He tried hard to introduce himself to the other students, and he even apologized to Lucas. They became fast friends. Over the course of a few weeks, Andy made friends with several other campgoers. He also started practicing his music regularly, and by the end of camp he was one of the top students.
::我和安迪一起度过了夏令营的余下时间,把他介绍给其他孩子,让他告诉我他的家人的故事。他努力把自己介绍给其他学生,甚至向卢卡斯道歉。他们成为快速的朋友。在几个星期里,安迪与其他几个露营者结交了朋友。他还开始定期练习音乐,在夏令营结束时,他成了顶尖学生之一。Even though Andy was having a tough time at camp, he managed to overcome his homesickness in order to do what he really wanted--study music. He even made some great friends in the process. Andy is one of my heroes because of his courage. He knew what he wanted to do, and he worked hard to make his summer memorable. I know that I will soon be in a similar situation; college will take me far from my home, my friends, and my family. I will be in an unfamiliar place, but I will work my hardest to make my dreams real. I will make new friends, and I will work hard to improve my musical abilities. If Andy could do it, so can I.
::尽管安迪在营区度过了一段艰难的时光,他还是设法克服了对家的困苦,以便做他真正想要的学习音乐。他甚至在这个过程中结交了一些伟大的朋友。安迪是我的英雄之一,因为他有勇气。他知道自己想要做什么,他努力工作,使暑假难忘。我知道我很快会处于类似的情况;大学会带我远离我的家、我的朋友和家人。我会在一个不熟悉的地方,但我将尽我最大的努力让我的梦想成真。我会交新朋友,我会努力提高我的音乐能力。如果安迪能做到,我也能做到。Review Questions
::回顾问题-
Now that you've read a sample statement of purpose, do the following.
-
Pick a theme you want to write about. It could be about your heroes, a learning experience you had, or an obstacle you overcame.
::选择一个您想要写的主题。 它可能是关于您的英雄, 您的学习经验, 或者你克服的障碍 。 -
With this theme in mind, come up with a list of at least three stories you could use to write an essay focused on your theme.
::考虑到这个主题, 拿出一份至少三个故事的清单, 你可以用来写一篇专注于你主题的论文。 -
For each story, come up with a list of relevant details. They should be interesting to your reader, and they should lead to the main point of your essay.
::每个故事都列出一个相关细节的清单。它们应该对读者很有意思,并且应该引出你论文的要点。
::既然您阅读了目的声明样本, 请做以下操作 。 选择一个您想要写的主题 。 它可能是关于您的英雄、 您的学习经验或您克服的障碍 。 在此主题下, 列出一份至少三个故事的清单, 您可以用来写一篇专注您主题的论文 。 对于每个故事, 请列出一个相关的细节列表 。 这些主题对于读者来说应该很有趣, 并且应该引领您的文章的要点 。 -
Pick a theme you want to write about. It could be about your heroes, a learning experience you had, or an obstacle you overcame.
-
Now, using a story that you picked for Exercise 1, write a 500-700 word personal statement on your chosen theme.
::现在,使用一个你为1号演习选的故事 写一个500 -700字的个人声明 写在你选择的主题上
Netiquette: Making a Positive Impression Online
Today, online communication has become the primary means of communication between many people. You are probably familiar with a variety of online communications such as text messaging, instant messaging, and emailing. This section will focus on email. Email has become a very important means of communication between friends, members of clubs, student or volunteer groups, and teachers and students.
::今天,在线通信已成为许多人之间沟通的主要手段。 您可能熟悉各种在线通信,如短信、即时信息、电子邮件等。 本节将关注电子邮件。 电子邮件已成为朋友、俱乐部成员、学生或志愿者团体以及教师和学生之间沟通的重要手段。You may have been sending emails or other online messages for years. You may be thinking “I know how to send email. Why do I need tips about how to communicate online?”
::您可能已经发送电子邮件或其他在线信息多年了。 您可能认为“ 我知道如何发送电子邮件。 为什么我需要关于如何在线沟通的提示? ”There are several reasons. First, when you are communicating face to face with someone, you can make clear when you are joking or teasing by your tone of voice or facial expression. It is hard to communicate such emotions or attitudes online without using emoticons, which may not be appropriate for some emails. Secondly, you must always consider your audience when you send an email. How much does your intended reader know or need to know regarding the email you are sending? Finally, have you thought about who else might see this email and what impression it may have on them?
::有几个原因。 首先, 当你面对面地与某人沟通时, 您可以在开玩笑或取笑时用你的声音或面部表情的语气来表达。 不使用表情就很难在网上表达这种情绪或态度, 这可能不适合某些电子邮件。 其次, 您发送电子邮件时必须总是考虑观众。 您的读者知道或需要知道您发送的电子邮件多少? 最后, 您有没有想过还会有谁看到这些电子邮件, 以及这些电子邮件会给谁留下什么印象 ?Professional vs. Private Email
::专业人员对私人电子邮件Is there such a thing as private email? While you may consider an email message to your best friend to be “private,” in reality there is no such thing as a “private” email. The moment you hit send, that email goes out to potentially millions of readers. You may just be sending it to your best friend, but there is no way of knowing what your friend may do with that message. He or she may post it on Facebook, MySpace, or forward it to someone without asking your permission.
::是否有私密电子邮件? 当你可能认为发给你最好的朋友的电子邮件是“私人的 ” , 但实际上并没有“私人的”电子邮件。 当你一发邮件,该电子邮件就会发送到数以百万计的潜在读者手中。 你可能只是把它发给你最好的朋友,但无法知道你的朋友会用这个信息做什么。 他(她)可以在Facebook、MySpace上发布,或者不经你许可将其转发给某人。Professional Email for Students
::学生专业电子邮件You may be thinking, “I am a student. I’m not a professional. Why do I need to know about writing a professional email?” While you may not be in the job market or have a job right now, there are times when you need to write more formally. These should be considered professional emails.
::你也许在想 , “ 我是学生,我不是专业的。 为什么我需要知道写专业电子邮件? ” 虽然你现在可能不在职业市场或工作,但有时你需要更正式的写作。 这些应该被认为是专业的电子邮件。When you send an email, you have a purpose in mind. When you send a professional email you want your reader to pay attention to what you wrote. If your reader is impressed by your well-written email, he or she will be more likely to give careful consideration to your message. Here are some tips to help you write effective emails.
::当您发送电子邮件时,您会想到一个目的。 当您发送专业电子邮件时, 您希望您的读者关注您写的内容。 如果您的读者对你写得很好的电子邮件印象深刻, 他或她更可能仔细考虑您的信件。 以下是帮助您撰写有效邮件的一些提示 。1. Your email address: Make a good first impression.
::1. 您的电子邮件地址:给好第一印象。If you were to call your teacher on the telephone, would you begin talking without greeting him or her or identifying yourself? You probably would not, especially if you wanted to make a good impression. Your email address and subject line are your greeting when you send an email.
::如果你打电话给你的老师,你会开始说话,而不向他或她打招呼,或表明身份吗?你可能不会,特别是如果你想给人留下好印象的话。你的电子邮件地址和主线是发送电子邮件时的问候。The first thing your readers will see is your email address. While it may be fun to have a cute or funky email address for your friends, when you are communicating with teachers or prospective employers, a funky email address may make the wrong impression. What do you think of the following email addresses?
::您的读者将首先看到您的电子邮件地址。 给您的朋友提供一个可爱或滑稽的电子邮件地址可能很有趣, 当您与教师或未来的雇主沟通时, 一个滑稽的电子邮件地址可能会造成错误的印象。 您对下面的电子邮件地址有什么看法?-
Itchymonkey
::痒密密密密钥Name -
Baddestboy
::坏小子 -
Sweetnfoxy
::甜甜甜 -
Porkyone
::丙酮 -
Mafiaman
::黑手党人 -
Runswithscissors
::运行剪切器 -
Sugarbaby
::食糖婴儿 -
Damitsara
::达米萨拉 -
Slurpypig
::Slumpypypig 结晶
While they are entertaining, they may be provoking thoughts that make the wrong impression. Look at your email address. What does it say about you?
::看看你的电子邮件地址。Use your name in your email address. Your first and last name, or your first initial and last name.
::在您的电子邮件地址中使用您的姓名。 您的名和姓, 或者您的第一个首名和姓 。2. Subject line: Let your reader know what you are writing about.
::2. 主题行:让读者知道你在写什么。The subject line of your email should be clear and meaningful. You should assume your email may be one of many that your reader receives each day. If you want him or her to open and read your email, it is a good idea to indicate what you are writing about in the subject line.
::您的电子邮件主题行应该清晰而有意义。 您应该假设您的电子邮件是您读者每天收到的众多邮件之一。 如果您希望他或她打开并阅读您的电子邮件, 最好在主题行写出您正在写的内容 。The person you are emailing may be a very busy person. He or she may decide whether or not to open your email based upon the subject line.
::您正在发送电子邮件的人可能非常忙。 他或她可以决定是否根据主题线打开您的电子邮件 。A common problem with subject lines is that they are typically too vague. Here are some subject lines you should avoid.
::主题行的一个常见问题是它们通常过于模糊。 这里有些主题行是您应该避免的 。-
Hi
::嗨 -
Question
::问 -
____________ (blank)
: -
My paper
::我的论文
Good subject lines indicate exactly what the content of the email will be. This makes it easier for your reader to prioritize and respond to your email.
::良好的主题行表示电子邮件内容的确切内容。 这使读者更容易对电子邮件进行优先排序和回复。-
Article on the Police School Monument
::关于警察学校纪念碑的文章 -
Fraternity meeting this Friday
::本星期五的博爱会议 -
Question about Exam 2
::有关第2项考试的问题
3. Greeting: Begin your email in a friendly and courteous manner.
::3. 致谢:以友好和礼貌的方式开始你的电子邮件。It is always appropriate to start your email with “Dear...” and then list the person’s title and last name. (e.g.: Dear Mr. Johnson; Dear Dr. Williams)
::用“亲爱的......”开始你的电子邮件,然后列出此人的头衔和姓,总是适当的。 (例如:亲爱的约翰逊先生;亲爱的威廉斯博士)4. The content of your email: A well-written email will be well received by your reader.
::4. 您的电子邮件内容:您的读者会收到一封写得很好的电子邮件。When you compose your email, use standard spelling, punctuation, and capitalization. Indicate to your reader that you respect them. You want your message to be well received by your reader. If the language is too casual, or if there are spelling or grammar errors, then you will make the wrong impression on your reader.
::当您撰写电子邮件、 使用标准拼写、 标点和大写时, 请向您的读者表明您尊重这些信件 。 您希望您的信息为您的读者所接受 。 如果语言过于随意, 或者有拼写或语法错误, 那么您会给您的读者留下错误的印象 。Refer to the grammar and writing tips throughout this book to be sure that your email is correctly written.
::参考此书中的语法和写法提示, 以确保您的电子邮件写得正确 。Sentences should be short and well-written. Proof read for clarity. Be sure to follow the grammar rules in Chapter 10 to make the best impression on your reader.
::句子应该简短,写得很好。 校对是为了清晰。 一定要遵循第10章的语法规则, 给读者留下最好的印象 。Paragraphs in your email should also be short and to the point. Reading a screen is different from reading a paper; you want to make your email easy to follow. Short paragraphs with a blank line between paragraphs make for easy reading.
::您的电子邮件中的段落也应该是简短的, 切换到点。 阅读屏幕与阅读纸张不同; 您想要让您的电子邮件易于跟踪。 段落之间有空白的短段落可以轻松阅读 。The tone of your email should be polite and courteous. Be friendly and respectful, but don’t be too familiar with your reader. Avoid trying to make jokes or using sarcasm. A joke or sarcastic comment is likely to be misconstrued by your reader because it is difficult to convey “tone” in writing, especially in a brief email. It is better to be too formal than to be too casual. Remember, you will not get a chance to re-do the first impression you make online.
::您电子邮件的语气应该是礼貌和礼貌的。 请保持友好和礼貌, 但不要太熟悉读者。 避免开玩笑或使用讽刺。 笑话或讽刺性评论可能会被您的读者误解, 因为很难以书面形式传达“ tone ” , 特别是在简短的电子邮件中。 最好不要太正式, 而不是太随意。 记住, 您没有机会在网上重现第一个印象。Below are some tips to help you make a good impression online.
::以下是一些提示, 帮助您在网络上留下好印象。1. Avoid the temptation to use “text spelling” such as “ttyl” (talk to you later) “gr8” (great) or “R U going 2 the mtg?”.
::1. 避免使用 " 文字拼写 " 等 " 文字拼写 " 的诱惑,例如 " ttyl " (以后再谈)、 " gr8 " (大)或 " RU去2 mtg? " 。Your reader may not understand your abbreviations; in addition, your reader may feel that you are too lazy to write the words out or that you don’t know how to spell.
::读者可能不理解你的缩写; 此外,读者可能觉得你太懒, 写不出字来, 或者不知道怎么拼写。2. Do not type your message in all capital letters.
::2. 不在所有大写字母中键入您的信息。That is interpreted in the online world as screaming, which is most likely not the meaning you intend. THERE IS NOTHING WORSE THAN AN EMAIL SCREAMING A MESSAGE IN ALL CAPS!!!! It may indicate to your reader that you are too lazy to take the time to use standard capitalization, or it may also imply to your reader that you don’t know how to use standard capitalization. In either case, it is not sending the message you intend to send.
::这在网上世界被解释为尖叫, 这很可能与你的意图无关。 在所有电单中, 没有比一个邮件更糟糕的了! ! ! ! ! ! 它可能向读者表明您太懒, 无法花时间使用标准资本化, 或者它也意味着您对读者说您不知道如何使用标准资本化。 无论哪种情况, 它都不会发送您想要发送的信息 。3. The content of your email should deal with one topic. If you have multiple topics you need to cover, put them into separate emails.
::3. 您的电子邮件内容应涉及一个主题:如果您需要覆盖多个主题,请将其放在单独的电子邮件中。The following email is an example of an email which covers too many topics. Look at the following email. How many topics do you see?
::以下电子邮件是一个电子邮件的例子, 它覆盖了太多的主题。 看看下面的电子邮件。 你看到了多少个主题 ?Dear Mrs. Radway,
::亲爱的拉德韦夫人,I am writing to you because I am going to be in San Francisco next week for our midterm exam. I am hoping that you will let me take the test before I leave so that I won’t be behind the class when I return after Winter break.
::我写信给你是因为我下周要到旧金山参加期中考试。 我希望你们在我离开之前让我参加考试,I also need to talk to you about my research paper on the abolition of slavery. I found several very good resources that will be useful in my paper, however one of them is an online source and it gives no author or date of publication for my reference page. Is it okay for me to just list the source with as much information as I can find on the website?
::我还想和你们谈谈我关于废除奴隶制的研究论文。我发现一些非常好的资源在我的论文中是有用的,尽管其中之一是一个在线来源,它没有为我的参考页提供作者或出版日期。我只要列出来源,提供我在网站上能找到的尽可能多的信息,可以吗?I wanted to find out if we can use the multipurpose room for the Archeology Club’s winter party. We wanted to have the party on Friday January 18 from 5:30-8:00 PM.
::我想看看我们能否使用多功能房间参加考古学俱乐部冬季聚会。 我们想在1月18日(星期五)下午五点半到八点举行派对。Thank you,
::谢谢Janna Treefern
::扬娜·特里芬5. Closing
::5. 闭幕End your email in a positive, courteous manner. Sign your email with your first and last name, and if the email is to your teacher, include the course title. Do not assume your reader will know who you are.
::以积极、 礼貌的方式结束您的电子邮件 。 请用您的名和姓签名您的电子邮件, 如果电子邮件是给您的老师, 请加入课程标题 。 不要假设您的读者会知道你是谁 。6. Finishing touches: Proofread your email before you send it.
::6. 完成触摸:发送电子邮件前校对。Proofreading is a four-step process. First, you want to read your message to be sure that you included all the pertinent information and that you composed a clear and easy-to-read email. Then you should spell check it using the spelling and grammar check option on your computer. Next, proofread again to be sure all the words are used correctly. For example, if you used “there” instead of “their,” some spell check programs won’t catch that error. That is your responsibility. Finally, once you have assured yourself that you have a grammatically correct, well-written email, check the recipient’s address to be sure your email is going to the intended recipient.
::校对是一个四步过程。 首先, 您想要读取您的信息, 以确保您包含所有相关信息, 并且您已经组成了一个清晰易读的电子邮件。 然后您应该使用您的计算机上的拼写和语法检查选项拼写检查它。 接下来, 再次校对以确保所有单词的使用正确。 例如, 如果您使用“ 在那里” 而不是“ 在那里 ” , 某些拼写检查程序将无法抓住错误 。 这是您的责任 。 最后, 一旦您已经向自己保证您拥有一份正确、 写好的邮件, 请检查收件人的地址, 以确保您的电子邮件会送到预定收件人手中 。Compose your email, proofread it to be sure it conveys your message appropriately, then type in the recipient’s address.
::撰写您的电子邮件, 校对它以确保它适当地传递您的信息, 然后输入收件人的地址 。Some questions or issues should be handled in person. If you need to type 200 or more words to explain or present your point of view to your reader, you should consider picking up the telephone or speaking to him or her in person. This is particularly true if you have a serious problem, such as challenging a grade or have to change your work schedule.
::某些问题或问题应该由本人亲自处理。如果您需要打200字或更多字来向读者解释或表达自己的观点,您应该考虑接听电话或亲自与读者交谈。如果您有严重的问题,如质疑等级或改变工作时间等,情况尤其如此。7. Plan ahead: Check with your instructor about submitting assignments via email.
::7. 今后计划:与你的教员核对通过电子邮件提交任务。Some instructors allow assignments to be submitted as attachments. Never assume that your instructor is willing to accept an assignment via email, especially if you are sending it after it was due in class. Always check before your send it.
::一些教官允许指派任务作为附件提交。 绝不要假设您的教官愿意通过电子邮件接受任务, 特别是如果您在上课到期后发送。 总是在发送前先检查 。Review: Professional Email checklist
::回顾:专业电子邮件清单√ Your email address – Is it appropriate?
::您的电子邮件地址 - 合适吗?√ Subject line – Is the content of your message obvious?
::主题行 — 您的信息内容是否显而易见?√ Content – Is the purpose of your message understandable?
::内容 — 您信息的目的可以理解吗?√ Tone – Will your reader have a good impression of you based on what you wrote?
::“东尼——你的读者对你写的东西有印象吗?”√ Closing – Are you sure your reader will know who you are?
::闭幕 — — 你确定你的读者会知道你是谁吗?√ Proofread – Have your double-checked your spelling and grammar?
::校对 - 您的拼写和语法检查过吗?The next example email was written by a student to his teacher. The student is asking a question about the following assignment.
::下一个例子是一位学生写给老师的电子邮件。 该学生正在询问关于以下任务的问题。Write a paper about a correctional issue. A key component of your research for this paper will be two interviews with professionals in the field of corrections about this issue. Your interview write-ups are due Friday, November 11. The graded write ups will be returned to you Monday, November 14. Your final paper must incorporate the information from your interviews and five other scholarly sources. Final paper is due Friday, November 18.
::写一篇关于教改问题的论文。你为本文研究的一个关键部分将是两次与教改领域专业人士的访谈。你的采访稿定于11月11日星期五到期。分级的写作将归还你,11月14日星期一。你的最后论文必须包含你们访谈和其他五个学术来源提供的信息。最后的论文定于11月18日星期五到期。最后的论文定于11月18日星期五到期。From: stinkymonkey@gmail.com
::发讯人:臭猴子@gmail.comSent: Sunday November 13, 2009
::2009年11月13日星期日To: John Smith
::致:约翰·史密斯Subject: hi
::主题:嗨hey hey
::嘿 嘿sorry mr s to bug you again but hey.
::对不起,S先生再次打扰你,但嘿。ok check it out. for my topic...how about “using juvenile offendrs to clean the streets
::“利用青少年违法者清扫街道”如何?one guy he kind of hung out with the wrong crowd...end up breaking in someones house and stab one...he got 5 yrs. the other guy is um...actually known him all my life...he lost his mother and he hung with the wrong crown and he got himself in the system. And with that ill find 5 additional sources to go with it.
::一个他和错误的人群混在一起的家伙... 最终打破别人的房子,捅了一刀... 他得到了5年...what do you think? yeah. If you can get back at me asap.
::是的,如果你能尽快回到我身边Vinnie
::维尼If you were the teacher, what impression would you have of Vinnie? How would you reply to this email? Do you see anything about this email that the teacher might find objectionable?
::如果你是老师,你会对Vinnie有什么印象?你会怎么回应这个电子邮件?你看到什么关于这个电子邮件的 老师会觉得反对吗?Personal Email for Students
::学生个人电子邮件You may already be very familiar with the process of email and may use it regularly to keep in touch with your friends. However, there are some points you should keep in mind when you send an email, regardless of how friendly and familiar you are with the recipient. Because email is easy to distribute to others, you should think carefully about what you put in an email before you send it.
::您可能已经非常熟悉电子邮件的处理程序, 并且可以定期使用该程序与您的朋友保持联系。 但是, 在发送电子邮件时, 您应该记住一些要点, 无论您对收件人有多友好和熟悉。 由于电子邮件很容易向其他人分发, 您在发送电子邮件前应该仔细考虑您在电子邮件中放置的内容 。Here are a few tips to keep in mind when you go online
::上网时要记住一些提示1. Know your audience!
::1. 了解你的听众!2. Consider the impact of your message on your reader. You may find something very funny, but it may not have that same impact on your reader.
::2. 考虑一下你的信息对读者的影响,你可能会发现一些非常有趣的事情,但对读者的影响可能不同。3. Be discreet. Emails can easily become public. Your email can be forwarded, copied, shared, or sent to someone you did not intend to see it when you wrote it. Before you hit “send,” think about who could possibly see this email. Are you complaining about a teacher, a classmate, or your boss? What would the subject of your email think if he or she were to see the email that you are about to send? Would you say this to his or her face?
::3. 谨慎一点,电子邮件很容易公开;你的电子邮件可以转发、复制、共享或发送给您在写邮件时无意看到的人;在打“发送”之前,请先考虑谁可以看到这个电子邮件;你是在抱怨老师、同学或老板吗?你的电子邮件主体会怎么想,如果他或她看到您即将发送的电子邮件?你能否当面说这个?4. Don’t forward an email without obtaining permission from the person who wrote it.
::4. 未经发件人许可,不得发送电子邮件。Below is an example of a situation in which an email was forwarded without the author’s knowledge.
::以下是在作者不知情的情况下发送电子邮件的一个实例。Sam had a former girlfriend who was essentially stalking him. She would wait for him in the garage when he came out of class, she would wait for him in the hall after class, she would show up at his work place, she would wait for him at the door of his apartment building at night. When he told her that he did not want to see her and that they were no longer a couple, she would threaten to call the police and say he was stalking her. She did actually call the police several times. She was making his life miserable.
::Sam有一个前女友,她基本上在跟踪他。当他下课时,她会在车库里等他,她放学后在大厅里等他,她会到他工作的地方来,她晚上会在他的公寓大楼门口等他,当他告诉她他不想见她,他们不再是一对情侣时,她威胁要报警,说他在跟踪她。她确实打了几次警察,她使他的生活悲惨。He emailed a teacher for advice on how to get her to leave him alone. The teacher offered to forward Sam’s email to an attorney for his advice. Sam agreed. When the attorney responded, the teacher forwarded it to Sam, without informing the attorney that she was going to forward his email. The attorney was very upset that his email had been forwarded, because he had referred to the young woman in question as a “whacko” and “dangerous.” He did not consider his comments to be professional and did not want them made public.
::他给一位教师发了电子邮件,征求她如何让她一个人离开他的意见。 教师主动提出将萨姆的电子邮件转交给一位律师,征求他的意见。 Sam同意。 当律师回答时,教师将电子邮件转交给了Sam,但没有通知律师她要转发电子邮件。 律师对他的电子邮件被转发感到非常不安,因为他把这位年轻女性称为“wackko ” 和“危险 ” 。 他并不认为他的评论是专业的,也不希望这些评论被公之于众。5. When you type a word in all capitals, it is considered SHOUTING at your reader. Avoid shouting online.
::5. 在所有首都打字时,都认为要对读者大喊大叫,不要在网上大喊。6. As with your professional emails, some things are better communicated in person than in an email. If you need to type 200 or more words to explain your situation or point of view to your reader, you should consider picking up the telephone or speaking to him or her in person.
::6. 与专业电子邮件一样,有些事项比电子邮件更能亲自传达,如果需要输入200个或更多字来向读者解释你的情况或观点,应考虑接听电话或亲自与他或她交谈。7. Social networking sites (such as MySpace, Facebook, linked In, and Twitter), are fun and a good way to keep in touch with many friends. However, remember that everything you send or post goes into the public domain and can be retrieved even if you delete it later. You are not going to be a high school student forever. Even if something seems funny and harmless now, it could be the reason you get denied admission to the college of your choice, or denied a job in the next year or two. Before you hit “send,” think about a future employer seeing what you are about to send. Would you be proud to have that individual see the comment or photo you are posting or sending?
::7. 社交网站(如MySpace、Facebook、In连线、Twitter等)很有趣,也是与许多朋友保持联系的好办法,然而,要记住,你发送或张贴的每件东西都进入公共领域,即使以后删除也可以检索,你不会永远是高中学生,即使现在有些事情看起来有趣无害,也可能是拒绝你选择的学院入学,或下一年或第二年拒绝工作的原因。在你点击“发送”之前,想未来雇主看到你要发送的东西。你是否自豪看到这个人看到你张贴或发送的评论或照片?Below is an example of the repercussions posting photographs online can have.
::以下是在网上张贴照片可能产生的影响的例子。A college student was interning at a state law enforcement agency posted the following on her Facebook page under her photo:
::一名大学生在州执法机构实习,“I am an agent with (she named the agency). It is a rockin’ job! I am currently working undercover on (she named three cases which were currently under investigation by the agency). When I am not busting bad guys, I love to get falling-down drunk. My favorite bars are (she named two local bars).”
::“我是一个代理商(她称为代理商 ) 。 这是件令人震撼的工作!我目前正在做卧底工作(她点了三起正在被代理商调查的案件 ) 。 当我没有抓坏人时,我喜欢喝醉。 我最喜欢的酒吧是(她点了两个当地酒吧 ) 。 ”When her internship supervisor with that agency saw the intern’s Facebook page, she was furious. What this young lady had posted online compromised three long term undercover investigations. Not only had her posting compromised those investigations, but she said she was an agent, which of course she wasn’t. She also had the poor judgment to list the bars she frequented. The result of this posting? The intern received a failing grade for her internship. Not only that, but she has effectively precluded herself from ever getting a job in law enforcement. No law enforcement agency would consider hiring someone with such poor judgment.
::当她在该机构的实习主管看到实习生的Facebook页面时,她非常愤怒。这位年轻女士在网上张贴的什么信息暴露了三次长期的卧底调查。 她不仅暴露了这些调查,而且说她是一名特工,当然她不是。 她也有一个差劲的判断来列出她经常去的酒吧。 公布结果? 实习生的实习成绩不及格。 不仅如此,她实际上还阻止自己在执法部门找到工作。 没有执法机构会考虑雇用这样差的判断力的人。Below is another example of how information exchanged online can be forwarded to someone other than the intended audience.
::下面是另一个例子,说明如何将网上交流的信息传递给目标受众以外的人。A high school student was extremely disappointed when the vice principal of the school cancelled the upcoming dance. She sent out an email to her friends describing the vice principal as a “douche bag.” Someone forward her email to the vice principal. The student was suspended for 2 weeks, and not allowed to attend any school dances for the rest of that year.
::一位高中生对学校副校长取消即将到来的舞蹈非常失望,她发电子邮件给朋友,说副校长是“杜奇袋子 ” 。 有人将她的电子邮件转发给副校长。 学生被停职两周,当年剩下的时间里不准参加任何学校舞蹈。The above examples demonstrate how poor judgment can lead to severe consequences. In both cases, the person who was the subject of the electronic communication suffered as a result of his or her poor judgment.
::上述例子表明判断不力会导致严重后果,在这两种情况下,作为电子通信主体的人因其判断不力而遭受痛苦。
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Understand the style in which business documents are written.
