Blender 3D：零基础到专业级-单元3：拓展视野
First Keyframes
::首个关键框架
Start by opening a new Blender document. Select the default cube. Ensure that the timeline
is showing that you are at frame number 1. Press I , and choose “Location”; this will insert a keyframe at frame 1 which remembers the current location of the cube. Move the current frame (green line) away from frame 1, and you will see that there is a yellow line left behind.
::首先打开一个新的Blender文档.选择默认的立方体.确保时间线显示您在号 1.按下I,选择"位置";这将在1插入一个键框,记住立方体的当前位置.将当前 (绿线) 移开从1,您将看到留下一个黄色线.
Now go to, say, frame 25. With the cube still selected, press G , and move the cube to a different position—anywhere a few cube widths away will do fine. Press I again, and insert another Location keyframe.
::现在,请进入,比如,25 . 立方体仍然被选择,按G,然后将立方体移到不同的位置. 任何几立方体宽度的位置都很好. 再按I,然后插入另一个位置键框.
Now try scrubbing with LMB between the two yellow lines in the timeline, and watch the cube move smoothly between the two positions you set as keyframes.
::现在试着用LMB在时间线上的两条黄色线之间擦拭, 观察立方体在两个位置之间顺利移动,
Now press ALT + A , and Blender will automatically cycle through the timeline for you, animating the cube as it goes. There will probably be a long pause in the motion after it gets to frame 25, because by default the animation will run until frame 250. Press ESC to stop the animation, click in the box at the bottom of the timeline labelled “End:”, and reduce the end frame number to, say, 50. Press ALT + A to start the animation again, and watch the movement cycle through a little more quickly this time.
::现在按 ALT + A ,Blender 将自动循环通过时间线,动画立方体. 进入 25 后,动画可能会停顿很长时间,因为默认情况下动画将运行到 250 . 按 ESC 停止动画,点击标签为 End: 的时间线底部的框,并将最后的数减少到,例如, 50. 按 ALT + A 重新开始动画,并观看动画循环,这次更快一点.
Stop the animation, go back to frame 1, and press ALT + I to delete that first keyframe. Move the current time away from frame 1, and confirm that the yellow line that was there has gone. Now restart the animation; what happens? You should see the cube snap to the location specified by the only remaining keyframe, and stay there. Without a second keyframe specifying a different value for a parameter, Blender sees no reason to change the value for that parameter to anything else. Hence the rule:
::停止动画,回到1,按ALT+I删除第一个键框.将当前时间从1移开,并确认那里的黄色线已经消失.现在重新启动动画;发生了什么?你应该看到立方体将其移到唯一剩余的键框指定位置,并保持在该位置.如果没有第二个键框为参数指定不同的值,Blender就没有理由将该参数的值更改为其他任何值.因此规则:
|
A parameter is only animated at a particular time if there are keyframes before
and
after that time specifying different values for that parameter.
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Preview From All Angles
::从各个角度进行预览
Press ESC to ensure the animation is stopped, then CTRL + Z to undo your deletion of the first keyframe above. Press ALT + A to start the cube moving between its two positions again. While it runs, the 3D View window remains fully operational; try using MMB to rotate the view, the mouse wheel to zoom in and out, NUM0 to toggle in and out of camera view, etc. All the while, the cube keeps running through the dance you choreographed for it. How neat is that?
::按ESC以确保动画停止,然后按Ctrl+Z以撤销上述第一个键框的删除.按ALT+A以重新启动立方体在两个位置之间移动.在运行时,3D视图窗口保持完全可操作;尝试使用MMB旋转视图,鼠标轮放大缩小,NUM0切换进入和退出摄像头视图等.同时,立方体继续通过你为它编排的舞蹈.这有多好?
What Is Being Animated?
::什么是动画?
Those yellow lines in the timeline aren’t really very informative. They tell you there is a keyframe at that time, but not what settings are being specified. And there is no way to adjust an already-inserted keyframe, you have to delete it and insert another one.
::时间线上的黄色线并不太有信息. 它告诉你当时有一个关键,但没有指定设置. 没有办法调整已经插入的关键,你必须删除它并插入另一个.
All this fine control (and much more) is possible elsewhere, in the Graph Editor window, but we’ll leave that for later. For now, just bring up the Properties Shelf in the 3D View by pressing N (if it’s not already visible). At the top of this is the “Transform” panel, where you can see location/rotation/scaling settings for the currently-selected object. Notice that the Location values for the cube are displayed against a coloured background, either green or yellow; move the current frame time to a keyframe time, and it will be yellow, otherwise it will be green.
::所有这些精细的控制 (以及更多) 都可以在其他地方,在图形编辑器窗口中进行,但我们将把它留给以后.现在,只需按下N (如果它还没有显示),就能在3D视图中显示属性架.在此的顶部是"转换"面板,您可以看到当前选择对象的位置/旋转/缩放设置.请注意,立方体的位置值显示在有色的背景上,绿色或黄色;将当前时间移动到一个关键时间,它将是黄色的,否则它将是绿色的.
This coloured background is your cue that the specified value is being animated, and whether the current animation time is a keyframe time for that value. This goes for animating other properties as well, not just object transformations.
::这种彩色背景是指你知道指定值正在动画,以及当前动画时间是否是该值的关键时间.这适用于动画其他属性,而不仅仅是对象转换.
Animating a Material Property
::活化物质财产
Think of this next example as a teaser. It will be left incomplete for now, because to see the full effect you will need to put a bit more work into material, lighting and render settings, and render out the full sequence for viewing in some kind of external movie player. Feel free to come back and fill in the gaps as you learn more about those things.
::想象下一个例子是个预告片. 现在它还不完整,因为要看到完整的效果,你需要在材料,照明和染设置上做更多的工作,并将完整的序列染出来以在某种外部电影播放器上观看.随着你了解这些东西,随时可以回来填补空白.
One of the goals in the Blender 2.5
x
rework was to introduce the concept of being able to “animate anything”. Animation had been a bit of an afterthought in earlier versions of Blender, but in 2.5
x
it is integrated very deeply, to the point where just about any object property can be animated over time.
::混器2.5x重制的目标之一是引入能够"动画任何东西"的概念.在早期版本的混器中,动画是个后想的概念,但在2.5x中它是非常深入的集成,到一个点,几乎任何对象属性都可以随着时间的推移而动画.
Start a new Blender document. Select the default cube, and create a new material for it. You don’t need to change the colour or any of the other settings for it, but look in the material settings for the “Transparency” panel and check the title box.
::启动一个新的Blender文档. 选择默认的立方体,并为它创建一个新的材料. 您不需要更改颜色或其它设置,但在"透明度"面板的材料设置中查看并勾选标题框.
Look in that panel for the “Alpha:” slider (which might be abbreviated to something like “Alp”, depending on the size of your screen). It should be showing the default value of 1.000 (fully opaque). Right-click on it ( RMB ) to bring up a menu with a bunch of options, of which the one we want is the top one, “Insert Keyframe”. Once you select this, the background of the Alpha slider should turn yellow.
::在该面板中,请查看"Alpha:"滑块 (根据屏幕大小可能会缩写为"Alp").它应该显示默认值为1.000 (完全不透明).右键点击它 (人民币) 将带来一个包含大量选项的菜单,其中我们想要的菜单是顶部的"插入键盘".一旦您选择了此选项,Alpha滑块的背景应该变成黄色.
Set the current frame to another point, say frame 25. As you move away from frame 1, the background of the Alpha slider turns green, indicating it is being animated, but is not currently at a keyframe. At frame 25, set the Alpha value to zero, or fully invisible (by either dragging across it with LMB or clicking in it and typing the new value). Then right-click on it and insert another keyframe.
::设置当前到另一个点,例如25.当你从1移开时,Alpha滑块的背景变为绿色,表明它正在动画,但目前不在一个键框.在25中,将Alpha值设置为零,或完全隐形 (通过用LMB拖动它或点击它并输入新的值).然后右键单击它并插入另一个键框.
Now try scrubbing back and forth in the timeline between frame 1 and frame 25, and you should see the Alpha value change accordingly between the two key values you specified. If you look in the preview image at the top of the material properties window, you should see the sample object there correspondingly fade in and out. Unfortunately the actual cube in the 3D view won’t do this ("Solid" Viewport), but it will when you set the Viewport to "Material". If you were to render the image at the current frame with F12 , you should see the cube appear with varying degrees of faintness, down to becoming completely invisible at the end.
::现在试着在1和25之间的时间线上来回擦拭,你应该看到Alpha值在你所指定的两个关键值之间相应地发生变化.如果你看看材料属性窗口顶部的预览图像,你应该看到样本对象相应地消失.不幸的是,3D视图中的实际立方体不会这样做 ("固体"视图),但当你将视图设置为"材料"时会这样做.如果你在当前中用F12染图像,你应该看到立方体出现不同程度的昏暗,直到最后完全看不见.
In short, you now have an animated disappearing cube.
::简而言之,你现在有一个动画消失的立方体.