电子点图图
Section outline
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How do we show electrons in atoms?
::我们如何在原子中显示电子?Diagrams contain a lot of useful information in a compact format. What does the diagram above tell us? The football play diagrammed above describes the lineup of each player on the team and describes how they will move when the ball is snapped. Diagrams of electrons give similar information about where certain electrons are. We can mark these electrons and indicate what happens to them when an reacts.
::图表包含许多以紧凑格式提供的有用信息。 上面的图表告诉我们什么? 上面的足球游戏图解描述了球队中每个球员的阵列, 并描述了球断裂时他们将如何移动。 电子图解提供了某些电子位置的类似信息。 我们可以标记这些电子, 并显示它们反应时会发生什么 。Electron Dot Diagrams
::电子点图图Recall that the of an are the electrons located in the highest occupied principal energy level. Valence electrons are primarily responsible for the chemical properties of elements. The number of valence electrons can be easily determined from the electron configuration . Several examples from the second period elements are shown in the Table .
::回顾一个电子是位于最高占用主要能量水平中的电子。Valence 电子对元素的化学特性负有主要责任。从电子配置中可以很容易地确定值电子的数量。表中列出了第二个时期元素的几个例子。lithium 1 s 2 2 s 1 1 valence electron beryllium 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 valence electrons nitrogen 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 3 5 valence electrons neon 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 8 valence electrons In each case, valence electrons are those in the second principal energy level. As one proceeds left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons increases by one. In the s block, Group 1 elements have one valence electron, while Group 2 elements have two valence electrons. In the p block, the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number minus ten. Group 13 has three valence electrons, Group 14 has four, up through Group 18 with eight. The eight valence electrons, a full outer s and p sublevel, give the their special stability.
::在每种情况下,valence een 都属于第二位主要能源水平。 当一个在一段时间内向右移动时, valence een 的数量会增加一倍。 在区块中, 1组元素有一个valence econen, 2组元素有两个valence een。 在p 区块中, valence eenen 的数量等于 10 。 13 组有 3 valence equen, 14组有 4 个, 到 18 组有 8 。 8 valence econtentions, an full outs and p suble, 提供了它们的特殊稳定性 。When examining chemical bonding, it is necessary to keep track of the valence electrons of each atom. dot diagrams are diagrams in which the valence electrons of an atom are shown as dots distributed around the element’s symbol. A beryllium atom, with two valence electrons, would have the electron dot diagram below.
::当检查化学联结时,有必要跟踪每个原子的值电子。 点图是将原子值电子作为点分布在元素符号周围的图表显示的原子值电子。 带有两个值电子的原子,其电子点图将在下面显示。Since electrons repel each other, the dots for a given atom are distributed evenly around the symbol before they are paired. The Table shows the electron dot diagrams for the entire second period.
::由于电子相互反射,给定原子的点在配对之前均匀分布在符号周围。表格显示了整个第二个周期的电子点图。Electron Dot Diagrams for the Second Period Elements Group Number Electron Dot Diagram 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 Electron dot diagrams would be the same for each element in the representative element groups. Most have two valence electrons, though some that have unusual have only one.
::代表元素组中每个元素的电点图都是一样的。 多数元素有两种值电子,尽管有些异常电子只有一种。Summary
::摘要-
Electron dot diagrams show the valence electrons for an atom.
::电子点图显示原子的价值电子值。 -
The dot diagrams are the same for each element in the representative element groups.
::代表要素组中每个元素的点图相同。
Review
::回顾-
What are valence electrons primarily responsible for?
::物价电子主要负责什么? -
Calcium would have the same electron dot structure as which element pictured in the table?
::钙将具有相同的电子点结构 与表格中绘制的元素相同吗? -
What is the symbol for an element that would have the same electron dot structure as carbon?
::具有与碳相同的电子点结构元素的符号是什么? -
Would you expect the group 18 elements to have the same electron dot diagram as neon?
::您是否希望18组元素 具有与 纳米相同的电子点图 ?
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Electron dot diagrams show the valence electrons for an atom.
