Section outline

  • Why is a bean-shaped organ so important?
    ::为什么豆形器官如此重要?

    Shown above are the isolated from many little mice. OK, they're really just kidney beans. But this is what the important kidney looks like. Why is it so important? Your kidneys filter and remove wastes from your .
    ::上面显示的是与许多小老鼠隔绝的。 好了,它们其实只是肾豆。 但重要的肾看起来就是这样。 为什么它如此重要? 你的肾脏过滤器和清除你的垃圾。

    Kidneys and Homeostasis
    ::肾肾和足足症

    The kidneys play many vital roles in . As you have already read, the kidneys filter blood and excrete liquid waste. In fact, the kidneys filter all the blood in the body about 16 times a day, producing approximately 180 liters of filtrate and about 1.5 liters of urine . The kidneys also control the amount of in the blood by excreting more or less water in urine.
    ::肾脏在其中扮演着许多关键角色。正如您已经读到的,肾脏过滤血液和排泄液废物。事实上,肾脏每天过滤全身所有血液约16次,产生大约180升过滤液和大约1.5升尿。肾脏通过在尿液中或多或少排出水来控制血液中的血量。

    Balancing the Blood
    ::平衡血液

    The kidneys are responsible for maintaining balance in the blood in other ways as well. For example, they control the acid-base balance in the blood, mainly by secreting hydrogen ions into tubular fluid and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions from tubular fluid as needed. Recall that carbon dioxide is transported through the blood as bicarbonate. For more information on the presence of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate in the blood, see The : A Breath of Air concept. The kidneys also regulate blood concentrations of many other ions—including sodium, potassium, calcium , and magnesium—by the controlling the amounts that are excreted in urine.
    ::例如,它们控制血液中的酸基平衡,主要办法是将氢离子分解成管状液,必要时从管状液中再吸收双碳酸离子; 注意二氧化碳是作为双碳酸盐通过血液迁移的; 关于血液中存在氢离子和双碳酸盐的更多信息,见:空气的呼吸概念; 肾也通过控制尿中排出的数量来调节许多其他离子的血液浓度,包括钠、钾、钙和镁。

    Secreting Hormones
    ::隐秘的荷尔蒙

    The kidneys also secrete various to help maintain homeostasis. Hormones secreted by the kidneys include erythropoietin and rennin.
    ::肾脏也通过各种途径进行分泌,帮助保持足部保持耐久,肾脏隐藏的荷尔蒙包括红血杆菌和伦宁。

    • Erythropoietin is secreted when the blood does not have enough red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen. The hormone stimulates the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow .
      ::当血液中没有足够的红血细胞携带足够的氧气时,埃里索菲丁是秘密的,荷尔蒙刺激骨髓产生红血细胞。
    • Rennin is secreted when falls. The hormone stimulates the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal gland. Aldosterone, in turn, stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more sodium ions and water. This increases the volume of the blood, which causes an increase in blood pressure.
      ::肾上腺素激素激素激素分泌肾上腺素。 Aldosterone反过来又刺激肾脏再吸附更多的钠离子和水。这增加了血液的体积,导致血压增加。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • The kidneys control the concentrations of many ions within the blood, including hydrogen ions, bicarbonate ions, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
      ::肾脏控制血液中许多离子的浓度,包括氢离子、双碳酸离子、钠、钾、钙和镁。
    • The kidneys also produce hormones that regulate red blood cell production and blood pressure.
      ::肾脏还产生激素,调节红细胞的生产和血压。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. How do the kidneys regulate the acid-base balance in blood?
      ::肾脏如何调节血液中的酸基平衡?
    2. Which hormone secreted by the kidneys is responsible for red blood cell count?
      ::哪个肾脏隐藏的荷尔蒙 是红血细胞计数的罪魁祸首?
    3. How does the hormone rennin increase blood pressure?
      ::荷尔蒙伦宁如何增加血压?