Eukaryaty 细胞分部 - 高级

Are these cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
::这些细胞是蛋白质还是蛋白质?

Notice the . Eukaryotic cell division is more complicated than prokaryotic division because of this . Having more than one and ensuring that all daughter cells receive a full compliment of chromosomes is no easy task.
::注意:由于这个原因,Eukaryatic细胞分裂比prokaryatic细胞分裂更加复杂。拥有一个以上的细胞并确保所有女儿细胞都得到染色体的完全赞美并非易事。

Cell Division in Eukaryotes
::Eukaryotes 的单元格分区

Though in all results in one cell becoming two cells, cell division in eukaryotic organisms is very different from that in , mainly because of the many chromosomes in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells . Cell division in eukaryotic organisms is necessary for , growth, and repair of the organism. Just as in binary fission , eukaryotic cell division ensures that each resulting daughter cell receives a complete copy of the organism’s entire genome . Remember that all of an organism’s must be present in each somatic, or body, cell. This DNA contains the information necessary for that cell to perform its functions, and to give that organism its traits. Therefore, prior to cell division, the eukaryotic cell’s complete genome must be copied, a process known as DNA replication , ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of the genome. Prior to cell division, the cell's organelles are also duplicated. Now the cell is ready to divide. Cell division occurs at the end of an eukaryotic cell's .
::尽管所有结果都导致一个细胞变成两个细胞,但单体生物的细胞分解与该细胞的细胞分解非常不同,这主要是因为衣体细胞核心中有许多染色体。 单体生物的细胞分解对于有机体的生长和修复是必要的。 就像二进制裂变一样,单体细胞分解确保每个产出的女儿细胞获得有机体整个基因组的完整副本。记住每个细胞或身体的细胞中必须存在所有有机体。这个DNA包含该细胞履行职能和给该生物特征所必需的信息。 因此,在细胞分解之前,必须复制该细胞的完整的基因组,一个被称为DNA复制的过程,确保每个女儿细胞得到基因组的完整组。在细胞分解之前,细胞的器官也是重复的。现在,细胞可以分解。细胞分解发生在一个细胞的终点。

Eukaryotic cell division occurs in two major steps:
::Eukaryaty细胞分裂分两个主要步骤:

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1. The first step is , a multi-phase process in which the nucleus of the cell divides. During mitosis, the nuclear membrane breaks down and later reforms. The chromosomes are also sorted and separated to ensure that each daughter cell receives a diploid number of chromosomes. In humans, that number of chromosomes is 46 (23 pairs). Mitosis is described in greater detail in Cell Cycle: Mitosis (Advanced) . Because the DNA has replicated prior to mitosis, the two nuclei that result from mitosis are genetically identical.
   ::第一步是一个多阶段的过程, 细胞的核心在其中分化。 在分裂过程中, 核膜断裂和后来的改革。 染色体也进行了分类和分离, 以确保每个女儿细胞得到染色体的分层数。 在人类中, 染色体的数量为46( 23对)。 细胞循环: Mitosis ( 高级) 中更详细地描述了调化。 由于在分裂之前DNA已经复制, 由分裂导致的两个核在基因上是相同的 。
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2. The second major step is cytokinesis . As in prokaryotic cells , the cytoplasm must divide. Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.
   ::第二大步骤是细胞基质。 与蛋白质细胞一样,细胞基质必须分裂。 细胞基质是细胞基质细胞中细胞基质的划分,导致两个遗传上相同的母细胞。

The formation of gametes , an organism’s reproductive cells, such as and egg cells, involves a completely different method of cell division, called . This cell division ensures that each gamete receives a haploid number (half the amount) of chromosomes.
::配色板的形成是有机细胞的生殖细胞,如蛋细胞,涉及到一种完全不同的细胞分解方法,叫做 。 这个细胞分解确保每个配色板都得到一个染色体的折叠数( 一半 ) 。

Summary
::摘要

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• Eukaryotic cell division involves mitosis and cytokinesis.
  ::Eukaryatic 细胞分裂涉及肾上腺素和细胞基尼。
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• Eukaryotic cell division occurs at the end of the cell cycle.
  ::Eukaryaty 细胞分解在细胞循环结束时发生。

Review
::回顾

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1. What is cell division?
   ::什么是细胞分裂?
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2. What is cytokinesis and when does it occur?
   ::什么是细胞基质,何时发生?
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3. Describe eukaryotic cell division.
   ::eukaryaty细胞分部描述。
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4. When does cell division occur?
   ::何时出现细胞分裂?
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5. How many chromosomes do humans have?
   ::人类有多少染色体?