Section outline

  • lesson content

    What is RNA?
    ::什么是RNA? (RNA: RNA: RNA: RNA: RNA: RNA: RNA: RNA: RNA: RNA)什么是RNA?

    RNA, the other . RNA has many important functions, especially during . And what allows it to be involved in protein synthesis is its ability to fold into three-dimensional structures, giving the molecule specific functions. This structure depicts an RNA molecule. the numerous secondary structures, such as the helices, are visible.
    ::RNA, 另一个是 RNA 。 RNA 有许多重要功能, 特别是在 。 允许它参与蛋白质合成的就是它能够折叠成三维结构, 给分子特定功能。 这个结构描绘着 RNA 分子。 大量二级结构, 如 螺旋, 可见 。

    RNA
    ::RNA 核纳

    DNA → RNA → Protein
    ::DNA RNA 蛋白质

    The central dogma of molecular biology . “ makes RNA makes .” So what exactly is RNA? Ribonucleic acid , or RNA , is the other important nucleic acid in this three player act. When we say that “DNA makes RNA makes protein,” what do we mean? We mean that the information in DNA is somehow transferred into RNA, and that the information in RNA is then used to make the protein. But is all of the information in DNA transferred to RNA? Or just some of the information?
    ::分子生物学的核心教条是分子生物学的中央教条。 “使RNA产生 ” 。 那么,什么是RNA? Ribonucleicacury, 或RNA, 是这三种玩家行为中另一个重要的核酸。 当我们说“DNA产生RNA产生蛋白质 ” , 我们是什么意思? 我们的意思是DNA中的信息被某种方式传输到RNA, 然后RNA中的信息被用来制造蛋白质。 但是DNA中的所有信息是否都被传输到RNA? 还是只是一些信息呢?

    Recall that a gene is a segment of DNA that contains the information necessary to encode an RNA molecule or a protein. These genes are embedded within the DNA in the . This DNA never leaves the nucleus. So, how does the information get from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where the are? Remember that the ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis . To understand this, it helps to first understand RNA.
    ::请注意, 基因是DNA的一个部分, 含有将 RNA 分子或蛋白质编码所需的信息。 这些基因嵌入DNA中。 这个DNA永远不会离开核。 所以, 信息是如何从核到细胞图拉斯的呢? 记住, 核是蛋白质合成的场所。 要理解这一点, 它有助于首先理解 RNA 。

    Keep in mind that even though you have many thousands of genes, not all are used in every type. In fact, probably only a few thousand are used in a particular type of cell, with different cell types using different genes. However, while these genes are embedded in the large that never leave the nucleus, the RNA is relatively small and is easily able to carry information out of the nucleus. This process occurs when the gene product is needed by the cell. If all genes were "expressed" all the time in every cell, then all cells would be very similar, and it would be a tremendous waste of energy . Instead, occurs only when the gene product is required by the cell. This process begins with the information in a gene being transcribed into an RNA molecule, a process called .
    ::记住,尽管你拥有成千上万的基因,但并不是所有基因都用于每一种类型。事实上,可能只有几千个在特定类型的细胞中使用,而不同的细胞类型使用不同的基因。然而,尽管这些基因嵌入了从未离开核的大型基因,但RNA相对小,能够轻易从核中获取信息。这一过程发生在细胞需要基因产品的时候。如果所有基因都“表现”在每一个细胞中,那么所有细胞都会非常相似,并且会大量浪费能量。相反,只有在细胞需要基因产品时才发生。这一过程从基因输入RNA分子的基因中的信息开始,这个过程被称为RNA分子。

    lesson content

    Gene Expression. Shown is the process beginning with the DNA molecule in the nucleus and ending with the protein in the cytoplasm. Transcription produces the mRNA molecule, which carries the genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
    ::Gene 表达式。 显示是以核中的DNA分子开始的过程, 以细胞图拉斯姆中的蛋白结束的过程。 定序产生 mRNA 分子, 它包含从核到细胞图拉斯姆的遗传指令 。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • RNA is the middle player in the central dogma of molecular biology.
      ::RNA是分子生物学核心教条的中间玩家。
    • RNA carries the genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
      ::RNA将基因说明从核到细胞托盘

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Discuss the role of RNA.
      ::讨论RNA的作用。
    2. What is protein synthesis?
      ::什么是蛋白质合成?