月经周期

What's the most important part of the female menstrual cycle?
::女性月经周期最重要的部分是什么?

A menstrual cycle calendar. A lot of things to keep track of. And for a few very important reasons, it is important to know when a woman is ovulating. But what's the most important part of the female menstrual cycle? That depends on who you ask.
::月经周期日历。 很多事情需要跟踪。 出于一些非常重要的原因, 有必要知道女性何时在排卵。 但是女性月经周期中最重要的部分是什么? 这取决于你问谁。

Menstrual Cycle
::月经周期

Ovulation , the release of an egg from an ovary , is part of the menstrual cycle , which typically occurs each month in a sexually mature female unless she is pregnant. Another part of the cycle is the monthly period, or menstruation . Menstruation is the process in which the endometrium of the uterus is shed from the body. The menstrual cycle is controlled by from the hypothalamus , pituitary gland , and ovaries. 
::卵卵从卵巢中释放出来,这是月经周期的一部分,通常月经周期在成年性女性中发生,除非她怀孕;周期的另一部分是月经或月经;月经是子宫内子宫从身体中脱落的过程;月经周期由下丘、垂体腺和卵巢控制。

Phases of the Menstrual Cycle
::月经周期阶段

The menstrual cycle occurs in several phases, beginning with menstruation. During menstruation, arteries that supply the endometrium of the uterus constrict. As a result, the endometrium breaks down and detaches from the uterus. It passes out of the body through the vagina over a period of several days.
::月经周期分为几个阶段,从月经开始,在月经期间,动脉供应子宫颈部的子宫内部,结果,子宫内部破裂,从子宫分离出来,通过阴道通过身体通过阴道经过数天。

After menstruation, the endometrium begins to build up again. At the same time, a follicle starts maturing in an ovary. Ovulation occurs around day 14 of the cycle. After it occurs, the endometrium continues to build up in preparation for a fertilized egg. What happens next depends on whether the egg is fertilized.
::月经过后, 子宫末数开始重新累积。 同时, 卵子开始在卵巢中成熟。 卵子在周期的第14天左右开始生长 。 之后, 子宫末数在为受精卵做准备的过程中继续累积 。 接下来会发生什么取决于卵子是否受精 。

If the egg is fertilized, the endometrium will be maintained and help nourish the egg. The ruptured follicle, now called the corpus luteum , will secrete the hormone progesterone . This hormone keeps the endometrium from breaking down. If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum will break down and disappear. Without progesterone, the endometrium will also break down and be shed. A new menstrual cycle thus begins.
::如果卵被施肥,内分子将保持,帮助养殖卵。破裂的卵子,现在称为,将分泌激素蛋白,这种激素会防止内分泌。如果不施肥,则该蛋将分解并消失。没有丙酮,内分子也将分解并被排出。因此开始一个新的月经循环。

Menopause
::更年期

For most women, menstrual cycles continue until their mid- or late- forties. Then women go through menopause , a period during which their menstrual cycles slow down and eventually stop, generally by their early fifties. After menopause, women can no longer reproduce naturally because their ovaries no longer produce eggs.
::对大多数妇女来说,月经周期持续到四十多岁或四十年代末。 然后,妇女经历了更年期,在这个时期,她们的月经周期放慢并最终停止,通常在50岁早期。 更年期过后,妇女无法再自然繁殖,因为卵巢不再产卵。

Summary
::摘要

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• The menstrual cycle includes events that take place in the ovary, such as ovulation.
  ::月经周期包括在卵巢中发生的事件,如排卵。
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• The menstrual cycle also includes changes in the uterus, including menstruation.
  ::月经周期还包括子宫的变化,包括月经。
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• Menopause occurs when menstruation stops occurring, usually in middle adulthood.
  ::更年期发生于月经停止发生时,通常是在成年中年。

Review
::回顾

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1. Define menstruation.
   ::定义月经。
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2. What is menopause? When does it occur?
   ::什么是更年期?
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3. What is the corpus luteum?
   ::体是什么?
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4. Compare and contrast what happens in the menstrual cycle when the egg is fertilized with what happens when the egg is not fertilized.
   ::比较和对比在月经周期中发生的情况 当蛋受精时 蛋不受精时会发生的情况
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5. Make a cycle diagram to represent the main events of the menstrual cycle in both the ovaries and the uterus, including the days when they occur.
   ::绘制一个循环图,以显示卵巢和子宫中月经周期的主要事件,包括发生日期。