预防和治疗细菌疾病 -- -- 高级
Section outline
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What do tuberculosis , diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, cholera, typhoid, and Streptococcus pneumoniae have in common?
::肺结核、白喉、破伤风、百日咳、霍乱、伤寒和肺炎复位球菌有什么共同之处?They are all bacterial diseases that can be prevented by vaccinations. Make sure to follow your doctor's recommended vaccination schedule. These vaccines could save your life.
::这些都是可以通过接种疫苗预防的细菌疾病。请务必遵守医生推荐的疫苗接种计划。这些疫苗可以拯救你的生命。Preventions and Treatments for Bacterial Diseases
::防治细菌病的预防和治疗From the beginnings of human civilization, it was recognized that polluted and improper waste disposal spread diseases. Historically, most effective weapons against have not been medication, but better personal hygiene practices, better nutrition, and proper disposal of sewage and other infectious materials. Things that you can do to reduce your chances of getting or spreading an illness include the following:
::从人类文明开始,人们就认识到污染和不当废物处理会传播疾病。 从历史上看,最有效的武器不是药物,而是更好的个人卫生习惯、更好的营养以及污水和其他传染性材料的适当处理。-
Wash your hands properly and frequently with warm, soapy water for at least 20 seconds. Alcohol hand sanitizers can be very effective at killing
on your hands, but only if your hands are not soiled with dirt. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has stated that “it is well-documented that the most important measure for preventing the spread of
is effective handwashing.” The effectiveness of handwashing can be demonstrated by the growth on the culture dish below.
::酒精洗手剂可以非常有效地杀死你的手,但前提是你的手没有被泥土沾污。 疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)指出,“有据可查的是,防止洗手法传播的最重要措施是有效的洗手法。” 洗手的效果可以从下面文化菜的生长中看出。 -
Avoid sharing personal products such as cosmetic items (make-up), lotions, toothbrushes, earphones, nail clippers, gym clothes, and towels with other people. This is a common way that
Staphylococcal
skin infections are transmitted (
Figure
).
::避免与他人分享个人产品,如化妆品(化妆品)、乳液、牙刷、耳机、指甲剪片、健身衣和毛巾等。 这是传染血压皮肤感染的常见方式(图 )。 -
Do not approach or handle wild
: they or their ticks and fleas may carry many illnesses.
::不要接近或处理野生问题:他们或他们的虱子和跳蚤可能携带许多疾病。 -
Avoid tick, flea, and fly bites by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long socks, and long trousers and using insect repellant when walking in grassy or wooded areas. Always double check yourself for bites and ticks afterward.
::通过穿长袖衬衫、长袜、长裤和长裤,在草地或木质地区行走时使用昆虫排粒剂,避免滴答、跳蚤和咬牙。 之后总是要双倍检查自己是否被咬和滴答。 -
Avoid high-risk behaviors, such as unprotected sex and
drug
use.
::避免高风险行为,如无保护的性行为和吸毒。 -
Avoid the use of
antibiotics
in certain situations.
are not killed by antibiotics; for example, antibiotics will not cure the common cold.
::在某些情况下避免使用抗生素。 抗生素不会被抗生素杀死;例如,抗生素不会治愈普通的寒冷。 -
Get regular medical checkups.
::定期进行体检。 -
Get the recommended
vaccinations
for your age group and before travelling abroad to certain countries.
::在前往国外前往某些国家之前,为年龄组别获得推荐的疫苗接种。
Wash your hands! Microbial growth on a blood agar plate from samples taken from individuals without any handwashing (section A), after washing hands with soap and water (section B), and after disinfecting hands with alcohol sanitizer (section C). Keep in mind that our hands do also contain some beneficial bacterial that consume harmful bacteria. You don't want constant sterile skin conditions. There are probably some beneficial bacterial in (B), however, that is not to say that the use of an alcohol sanitizer is harmful.
::洗手! 在用肥皂和水洗手(B节)和用酒精消毒剂洗手(C节)之后,从未洗手的个人身上提取的样本(A节)中提取的血浆板上的微生物生长; 在用肥皂和水洗手(B节)和用酒精消毒(C节)对手进行消毒(C节)之后,在血浆板上进行微生物生长; 切记我们的手也含有一些食用有害细菌的有益细菌。 您不希望持续的无菌皮肤状况。 在(B)中可能存在一些有益的细菌, 这并不是说使用酒精消毒剂有害。Summary
::摘要-
Though many medical advances have been made to safeguard against infection by pathogens (vaccination and antibiotics), pathogens continue to threaten human life. Personal behaviors have a great influence on a person’s chances of catching an infectious disease.
::尽管在防止病原体(接种疫苗和抗生素)感染方面已经取得了许多医学进步,但病原体继续威胁着人的生命。 个人行为对一个人感染传染病的机会有很大影响。
Review
::回顾-
How does washing your hands help you from getting sick?
::洗手如何帮助你避免生病? -
How has the overuse of antibiotics affected the ability to fight bacterial infections?
::抗生素的过度使用对防治细菌感染的能力产生了何种影响?
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Wash your hands properly and frequently with warm, soapy water for at least 20 seconds. Alcohol hand sanitizers can be very effective at killing
on your hands, but only if your hands are not soiled with dirt. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has stated that “it is well-documented that the most important measure for preventing the spread of
is effective handwashing.” The effectiveness of handwashing can be demonstrated by the growth on the culture dish below.
